Comparison of Martin Scorsese's On-screen adaptation and Edith Essay

Comparison of Martin Scorsese's On-screen adaptation and Edith Wharton's Age of Innocence - Essay Example The partners are thrown into a depth of intimacy no one can imagine who has not experienced it. Thesis The film treats the theme of innocence as a minor one while the novel treats innocence as core of moral values and social traditions. Both film and novel concentrates on the theme of marriage and its relation to innocence and moral values. Marriage is dangerous precisely because it can release and feed as many urges as it satisfies — one reason, perhaps, that divorce is rarely the simple matter it promises to be. theme are governed by the strong sense - common to many writers at the time - that one must be sacrificed to the other, that art can only be bought at the price of life. Like the novel, the film directors saw art as at once the extinction and the glory of existence. Wharton depicts Newland’s marriage as: Of course such a marriage was only what Newland was entitled to; but young men are so foolish and incalculable--and some women so ensnaring and unscrupulous--that it was nothing short of a miracle to see ones only son safe past the Siren Isle and in the haven of a blameless domesticity (Wharton 22). Martin Scorsese creates vivid and bright image of the main characters and follows Wharton’s feelings and passion related to innocence. In both works, the central figure in The Age of Innocence is Newland Archer. Like Lily Bart, Archer is by no means altogether likeable or admirable - and it is one of Whartons greatest strengths that she makes us respond to such characters by presenting them with a sort of luminous completeness. Wharton describes his family: "Ah, how your grandfather Archer loved a good dinner, my dear Newland!" he said, his eyes on the portrait of a plump full-chested young man in a stock and a blue coat, with a view of a white-columned country-house behind him (Wharton 17). Fundamentally amiable, Archer is also snobbish, vain, lazy and at times almost fatuous. If the coincidence of names with

Case Study#5 Let the Committee Decide Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

#5 Let the Committee Decide - Case Study Example However, in any learning institution the decisions are vital since they impact the learners, teachers and community (P.2, L.24). Principals, often don’t advocate the model since it leaves only a few people within the school committee with the power to make decisions that affect the entire administration. According to them, this initiative directly undermines the principles administrative role, limits creativity and general commitment. Possible perceived advantages of dividing administrative functions into organizational units include: allowing for more targeted governance within the organizational divisions. The division of responsibilities will guarantee accountability and efficiency in administrative roles. As well as provide an opportunity in measuring individual performance of the appointed management. The cons of dividing administrative funding include less self-sustainability - in that smaller sections often tend to face challenges in regards to human and natural resource available to carry out the organizational tasks. Since, they are still dependent on the central body for regular funds and resources. They are also known to affect the unity since some of the management, divisions and distributions of resources choices are bias, and this will ultimately affect unity and lead to in fights. The perceived advantages of committee panel making administrative decisions include the commonly identified aspect of automatically gaining access to the accumulative group knowledge which results in an advantage to the organization. In addition, it makes the decisions more professional and due to its participative nature can contribute to the general satisfaction of the teachers. On the other hand, the perceived disadvantages with using committees for decision making include. The members tend to shift towards extreme or exaggerated decisions, in that person acting as a committee often seem to make decisions that individuals

Book review on Iacocca An Autobiography

Book review on Iacocca An Autobiography The title of the book is Iacocca: An Autobiography is completely in accordance with its content in it, as the author describes his whole life story by himself. Author The author of the book is Lee Iacocca who was the former president of Ford Motor Corporation and the former chairman and CEO of Chrysler Corporation. His major contributions in history of auto business is that of giving a new life to chrysler by saving it from near bankruptcy and putting it back on track of success. Starting Pages The book also has Acknowledgements page, accompanied by Introduction to the paperback Edition. Then it is followed by An Opening Word and before the author starts his story there is Prologue. Special Features This book specifically does not have any special features, but it does got pictures, and caricatures in it. All of the pictures are in black and white. Number of Pages The book has a total of three hundred and sixty five pages. This much amount of pages makes it a decent, light weight handy book and the reader comfortably can carry it easily. Number of Chapters This book has twenty eight long chapters and one epilogue in it. Size of Paragraphs About the size of paragraphs is concerned, it has a mixture of short as well as long paragraphs. Price About the price of this book, if we rate it on international level or for readers of United States it is $7.99 and for Canadians it is $ 10.99 which is a good price tag. On the other, if one would see its price for Pakistani readers though it is Rs. 400 but to me it is still very expensive. Publisher This book is published by Bantam Books, a division of Random House, Inc. Its trademark, consisting of the words Bantam Books and the Portrayal of a rooster, is registered in US. Patent and Trademark office and in other countries. Marca Registrada. Bantam Books, New York, New York. ISBN The ISBN of this book is 0-553-25147-3. By using this very number one can easily get this book from anywhere in the globe. Genre of Book The genre of this book is non-fiction and based on true story of the writers life. Here, all the events and happenings were revealed as it is by a single person. First Book or Second This Autobiography is writers first book, which tells us about his fabulous career and life. His second book is Where Have all the Leaders Gone. Therefore, till now the author has penned down a total of two amazing books. Target Audience This book is written for people from all walks of life, from business students to business managers. Yet, the book focuses to cars, because the writers profession and passion was auto industry business. But still as this book has no scientific formulas, technical works, and methods, so one can easily read it and enjoy what this book is all about. Edition This is the second edition of this book Iacocca: An autobiography. It is called the paperback edition and it was out in the market for readers in July of 1986, where as, the first one was called the hardcover edition and it came out for the readers in November 1984. PURPOSE OF WRITING:- The authors purpose behind writing this book is not to get royalty money from the publishers or to show off his achievements at Ford, how he had rescued Chrysler from bankruptcy and run the affairs successfully. Instead of this above all, Iacoccas purpose to help out all the present and future business graduates in various types of problems and difficulties they have to face when they start their jobs. The writer firmly believes that when this book will assist those young brains in solving their matters, only then it would satisfy my conscience of doing something positive, productive and worth to read. AUTHORS STYLE:- The writing style of author in this book is formal. If one assess the quality of writing used here is of worth mentioning. The speaker has beautifully maintained the linkages of all the way from sentence to sentence and paragraphs to paragraphs and then chapters at larger level. The vocabulary of the book is easily comprehendible and has used no jargons in it. As far as the description is concerned, here too the writer carefully revealed everything in a step by step form so the reader while going through it cannot be detracted. Especially, in autobiographies such things ought to be given a fair amount of importance. Where upon, the details given in this book is completely a self-narration and does not contain any incorrect information which did not happened in writers whole life. AT FORD:- Before moving towards the book review it is important to recall the summary and what happened in the first part of this autobiography, this covers the writers life at Ford. So in the summary part one already read that author started his journey of career at Ford as a salesman and passed through a stage when he was a novice and had to learn all about his job. He learned various types of selling tactics and practiced them. During this initial span of his career he came across many good mentors and Lee was influenced by them a lot. Moving a head in his career and became an expert in sales field he decided to give himself a break and tied the knot. When the writer was part of companys top management and became General Manager of the Ford Division he was a stranger to everybody. At this point in life, he planned to do something big; with this thought and ambition Iacocca used his skills, knowledge and gave the world Mustang. This first jewel to his name made Lee a known from the unknown. The narrator, also gave two very fine cars to Ford namely as Fiesta and Mark III. Here at Ford when Lee was president and giving an annual turnover of $ 2 Billion to the company. On the other, such a profit though was coming to the organization, and making Iacocca famous and boosting its image among its competitors. But this thing and repute of Lee made Henry Ford to think exactly the opposite. Henry took this as a direct threat to his throne because everybody eyed Iacocca as their real leader and started disliking Lee. All hatred ends up in firing Iacocca from president ship. Therefore the story of writer at Ford lasts to this day. Now we will be looking at the second part of the book, which tells us about the writers story at Chrysler. AT CHRYSLER:- To reveal the Chrysler days it is better to go and explore first what events took place in writers life when he was eventually picked up by the Chrysler people. When Lee left Ford, he got a job in a warehouse, where he only stayed for few hours. In fact, these couple of hours forced him not to give up at any cost. Leave all the negatives aside and picked up only the positives and move ahead. The humiliation of being at an ordinary office right after serving as a president of a great company for so many years. There, he decided to fight back with his life and that results into reaching at the top in Chrysler Motor Corporation. Here I would like to quote Lees words as it is from the book which goes as there are times in every ones life when something constructive is born out of adversity. There are times when things seem so bad that you have got to grab your fate by the shoulders and shake it. I am convinced it was that morning at the warehouse that pushed me to take on the presidency of Chrysler only couple of weeks later. The writer before becoming boss of Chrysler was offered many jobs from other companies but none of them was from the auto industry. These were all the way from international paper, Lockheed, Charles Tandy and business school of NYU. (New York University). But lee wasnt satisfied upon these offerings, because cars were his only world, and he cant think of joining to any other profession. He is of the view that all business skills are not interchangeable at any level. The reason behind his this philosophy should only pursue that line or profession in which he/she had and has a grasp over it. Where one is a pro and not somebody who is alienated to the field and job. Thats why when he declined these non-autos industry jobs a renowned French car maker Renault, offered Iacocca the post of their Global Head of Automotive Consultant. Where upon, Lee rejected their offer, because though the job was from an auto industry, but it was not that one in which he got expertise. He refused them solel y of the fact that in this consultant job he never be able to give his best. Iacocca later wanted to form a consortium of car companies which he named as Global Motors. His intention was to build a fabulous consortium, would be based in Europe other in Japan and lastly in the US. This was all planned to break the monopoly of GM, which they have maintained from several years. Yet, this project wont work because of American Antitrust Laws. After that event, Lee learned that in the circles of auto industry there might be a possibility that Chrysler will pick him up for its very important post. And they are in need of someone who has great potential to lead and cope with any kind of difficulty. Thereby, after some time Lee was approached by the board members of Chrysler, who held couple of unofficial meetings with him which ended up in offering a job at their company. Iacocca in his heart decided that this time he would only accept the number one man position in Chrysler. So, he informed the Chryslers top management about his this plan where upon they told Iacocc a that his route of becoming the boss will be a bit different. At first he was made the president and afterwards became the chairman CEO of Chrysler on January 1st 1980. Till now we have learned that writers journey at Chrysler has just started. What is ahead of him will be revealed in the next heading. BEGINNING OF ANOTHER JOURNEY:- When the author officially joined his office at Chrysler, the same day his organization declared its losses of about $160 million. This was surely a bad coincidence with a human and the company itself. So, the beginning of narrators of another journey wasnt a good one. Problems Ahead The narrator here will discuss what were those problems regarding organization which he had faced during his tenure at Chrysler. These are enlisted below. A, Discipline. B, Functionality. C, Lack of Cohesion interaction between departments. D, No Meeting System. E, Management Structure (Planning Projecting). F, Financial matters. G, No team. H, Lousy and vehicle for an older guys car and considered boring too. I, Bad morale and deteriorating factories. J, Inappropriate placements of the work force. K, Security leaks. L, Manufacturing Quality. M, Purchasing. N, Sales and Marketing. Now well move to the next chapter and see what the speaker had for us to share and learn. THE DAY THE SHAH LEFT TOWN:- The title of this chapter reveals the same as its name goes, because the narrator here meant Shah Left Town to Mohammad Reza Pahlavi the Shah of Iran who was thrown out from his throne on January 1979 in an Islamic Revolution lead by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Here the question popped up in ones mind that what this exit of Shah had to do with America, its economy and specifically with Chrysler. Why the writer dedicated a full chapter depicting the aftermath of his departure. The reason behind all this was that, till 1979 Iran was under heavy American influence and Shah with their help made Iran quite liberal and develops its infrastructure. Along with that, Iran before the revolution was one of the greatest oil suppliers to US. Therefore, when Shah left and Khomeini took over he stopped not only providing them oil but also the diplomatic relations with the US. Thereby, in this chapter writer describes the effects of extra organizational stressors on Chryslers business which is as follows: Irans 1979 revolution ousting Shah of Iran. Prices of gas were doubled. Energy crisis. Chryslers market share gone down to 8 percent. Recession. Owners loyalty. Rumors of Chryslers demise. Out of these above problems, the main were gas price and recession. The reason was simple that cars run on oil. People therefore stopped buying their big cars with low fuel efficiency. The Recreational vehicles (RVs) and vans were two models of Chrysler cars which got affected from the gas fare. Even the parts of the cars like chassis and engines too were affecters of such a crisis. The thing which further harmed and destroyed US auto industry was that people started buying Japanese small cars instead of the Americans. Here, GM (General Motors) survived by selling their new car model called X-body. They were also successful in selling another model which was Chevrolet Citation. So, the story of boom in small cars business continues on when an analysis was done between the market share of small versus big cars. They found that in year 1979 in a period of merely five months the small cars took 58 percent of market share and the sales of vans was gone down to 42 percent. Here, when Chrysler wants to build small vehicles and try their luck in this category unfortunately the recession broke out in the country. The writer mentioned that the annual rate of sales was dropped to nearly half. After reading the above figures the narrator decided to go for an overhaul of the company in order to bring it in a stable position. For that, Chrysler initially closed its few plants and by doing this they also seek help from their suppliers and informed them from our every move. In fact if one keep on closing production units then for what good reason the suppliers will give Chrysler parts to manufacture their current and future products. To lower the cost more and avoid keeping the parts at the factorys inventory (a shop where all goods are stocked) Lee devised a new system called just in time meaning all those parts which are required to assemble car arrived from supplier when they have to manufacture and will be off from the production line when it is built, so no need of putting the parts in an inventory. Iacocca kept on cutting cost from where ever he could so he can run the company. He did this even when they sent the annual report of 1979 to the shareholders of the company. Instead of printing it on a thick good paper, Lee ordered to print it on a plain white paper written in black ink. This decision was to show the shareholders that in times of crisis, Chrysler remained within its resources and didnt opt for any wasteful step. Later on, when the company is in a desperate need of money Lee sold out the business which was expanded in overseas. He kept their operations to the US, Canada and Mexico. After this measure the money they got wasnt sufficient at all, there Iacocca decided to sell Chryslers tank division to General Dynamics. In the end of this chapter the writer said that, all those above decisions he took was necessary to brought Chrysler out of the ditch. Whereupon, to him he believed that the most unimaginable and painful deed was to lay off thousands of employees. But this act gave him a lesson that, if one has to run a large company and has limited number of employees then this would be very easy to do so than with lots of people in the company. The writer while finishing wishes that, competitors of Chrysler would never learn this lesson otherwise their profit will be lessened. DRASTIC MEASURES : GOING TO THE GOVERNMENT:- To save Chrysler from bankruptcy Lee asked government to help them in this matter. He approached the rich Arabs to do the same, but of no use. Later, Volkswagen the German giant car maker agreed on a merges with Chrysler. Unfortunately when they read our balance sheet, so they refused for the merger. The reason behind this failure of merger was that Chrysler had made no money and in severe debt. Eventually, Iacocca went for proper government assistance for giving them Loan Guarantees. They plan not to plead for such a guarantee. Here, this initiative was taken up by the outgoing Chairman John Ricardo. He explained the government about Chryslers current sick condition and asked to give a two year freeze on government regulations (meaning by law to control any business activity or a process) but none gave a kind ear to it. For governments bad safety and emission controls system he suggested a combined research and development program. He stressed that our aim is not to steal any compan ys good and cheap way of controlling emissions instead they should sell it to the needy. In this statement of Lee the government listened them and realized that our antitrust laws are never be competitive with Japanese, till someone would reform those laws. Instead of doing anything regarding formation of new competitive laws government signed collaboration between Toyota General Motors. According to the antitrust laws all the motor companies namely General Motors, Ford, American Motors and Chrysler ought to work in chunks in order to fix the same problems. On the other, Ricardo once again seeks government help for a freeze on regulations but the result came out in a NO. After seeing this behavior he asked them to give a refundable tax credit. Meaning the money Chrysler spends on qualifying for governments safety and pollution standards will be refunded to the company. The writer says that our company wasnt the first who asked for such a relief. In the past car makers like American Motors, Volkswagen, Renault, and General Motors already benefited by the taxes. Over there Ricardo, in wake of getting any support for loan guarantee one more time returned to government, whereupon his efforts werent of any use. The writer here explains that though Ricardo was a nice human being, yet he was a short tempered and not good at communication skills and Congressmen never liked such traits in any human. Later, on one fine day the writer learned that G. William Miller who previously holds the post of chairman of the Federal Reserve Board. In fact in America the State Bank of the country is called the Federal Reserve. So, now Miller becomes the treasury secretary here, Iacocca shares a strange aspect of Millers personality. When he was serving as chairman at Federal Reserve Board. He told to Ricardo that Chrysler would go for bankruptcy instead of government help. On the other, when he moved to his new post, he declared that government must help Chrysler. Afterwards he accept the proposal of Tax Credit but informed Chrysler people that to seek such type of assistance they have to rolled out a complete plan of survival to the government. The writer got no choice except going to government. In this regard he learned that a British Car Company Leyland took government support but after that the company never recovered. But still Lee filed an application for government loan guarantee. Before appearing in front of Congress Iacocca did his homework. This homework was about to know that in past how many companies are there which had been benefited from such a loan. There, speaker found that organizations that already got this loan were all the way from aircraft to City of New York and from housing to subway of Washington DC. In this research Lee found one very shocking thing that, till now government had given $409 billion in loans and loan guarantees were outstanding. While ending this chapter Iacocca describes that when Chrysler put up their case to government, it gave him a feeling that in government there was no person who remember those previously given loan guarantees to the above mentioned companies. SHOULD CHRYSLER BE SAVED? Yes, this question has become the question of town. This chapter revolves around the inappropriate attitude of senators, congressmen, businessmen, business leaders and other stake holders against the Federal Loan to Chrysler. In fact to save the company Lee requested the government to give them $1 Billion loan guarantee. The first refusal came from General Motors Tom Murphy and Citi Corporations (Citibank) Walter Wriston. Then National Association of manufacturers, policy committee of the business Round table too spoke bitter words for our company. Iacocca blamed the government for Chryslers current bad condition, especially government regulations and its unequal effects. But along with governments role Lee believed that previous managements inability to rectify various problems too brought them in this position. These problems were like, producing cars on basis of speculation, their decision of taking Chrysler to foreign markets, and lastly doing business of used cars. Instead of su ch doing things they ought to focus on quality of Chrysler cars. When Lee started appearing before Congress, he straight away informed them that Regulations was the first and last element which made Chrysler to beg for loan. In the end of this chapter Lee shares that American people is of the view that Chrysler had received $1 billion in cash which they never had to pay it back. CHRYSLER GOES TO CONGRESS:- In this chapter Iacocca talks about lot of things including passing of $1 billion loan, repaying it, and series of appearances before Congress and Senate committee etc. The speaker describes that this whole process of hearing was a gigantic task. In fact the layout of those hearing rooms forced the witness to first look up and then answers the questioner, because members of the committee sit at a semicircular table which was few feet above the floor. Before moving on to Chryslers hearing in Senate and Congress, here it is important to learn the so called allegations and scolding done by committee members. These were as below: A, Sins of management. B, Lack of foresightness for not building 30 miles per gallon as Japanese did. C, Not prepared for the aftermath of Shah of Iran. D, Not prepared for the screwed up fuel allocation, result in riots at gas stations. E, Chrysler missed the market and deserved punishment. Punishments:- They were held up in front of the whole world for asking government help. Disgraced on editorial pages, by cartoonists who painted Chrysler into the grave. In public places their wives and children became the target of jokes. Now one would see the relation about the passing of loan guarantee from writers eye. Iacocca, made his first appearance before the House Subcommittee on Economic Stabilization of the Committee of Banking, Finance and Urban affairs on October 18th, 1979. The writer explains the committee about Chryslers present condition and the exact words from book are I began my testimony by stating our case very simply. I am sure you know that I do not speak alone here today. I speak for the hundreds of thousands of people whose livelihood depends on Chrysler remaining in business. It is that simple. Our one hundred forty thousand employees and their dependents, our forty seven hundred dealers and their one hundred fifty thousand employees who sell and service our products, our nineteen thousand suppliers, and the two hundred fifty thousand people on their payrolls, and of course, the families and dependents of all those constituents. Lee made it clear to the committee that guarantees loan is not to receive an official gift from the Carters government (Jimmy Carter was the 39th President of the United States from January 20, 1977  Ã‚  January 20, 1981). Instead, Chrysler will pay back each cent and dollar of this loan including its interest. When the Loan Guarantee Act was passed, after few weeks the Republicans (name of political party in America) came to power. On the other hand, in this whole event Democrats (name of another political party in America) were in the government. But these Republicans talked very negative about giving loan to Chrysler. And that was the point where Lee realized that he should now start favoring the Democrats. The speaker describes that at the time of their companys bad condition if Democrats wasnt in government then Chrysler wouldnt have any existence today. The $ 1.2 billion dollar of loan was passed exactly before the Christmas and surely this Christmas had really given a priceless gift to all those people who were associated with Chrysle r. In the end the narrator reveals that Chrysler paid back their loan seven years early from the given time. Along with that they paid taxes of millions of dollars and fee of the Loan Guarantee Board. Last but not the least the opponents of their company too said that government loan given to Chrysler was a very noble idea. EQUALITY OF SACRIFICE:- From the title of this chapter the writer meant everyone has to sacrifice on basis of equality whether you are a Head of the company or a Worker. He further explained that though they need the loan desperately. But what really worked and brought Chrysler back on its feet was a team effort and cooperation. In fact the real story of Chryslers survival started now, because that loan Guarantee Act requires them to provide various concessions. Thereby, Lee reveals that our existence based on cutting cost from wherever one can. So, Iacocca decided that he should start this process of cost cutting by deducting $1.00 a year from his salary. This move of withdrawing one dollar was necessary to make others do the same. He says that as a leader of the company he should be the first one to show sacrifice in any form. Because for a leader its mandatory to come up with such examples, otherwise his followers would never follow on his footsteps. Lee describes that reducing his pay, never meant that he wont take his meals. What he is of the view that such a giving up, is to display a team work, familys job and togetherness. Here, for the first time he came to know that people can do anything if they knew that others are experiencing the same pain as they are feeling. Iacocca, repeat his words that all this collective and oneness took Chrysler out of the trouble and not those dollars, which they definitely required just like blood. Moreover, the speaker sadly discussed the worst part of the cost cutting which though lifted the company but finished peoples lives and that was about firing many workers. This act of ours destroyed the social fabric of masses which results in, that they got divorced and had to stop sending children to college etc. Later, he explained that when public and celebrities came to know about our goal to save Chrysler, by any way or means. They showed fabulous support by writing letters to the writer. Then all the way big celebrities of that time joined us i ncluding Bob Hope, Bill Cosby, Pearl Bailey, and Frank Sinatra were the people who performed at our premises, encouraged the workers to show collectiveness in this hour of struggle but they never charged us a single dollar. At the end of this chapter, writer wants to tells us about one major helper without whom this saving of Chrysler never be executed. This was Doug Fraser, president of workers union. Then Lee made him part of Chryslers board of directors. Who was extremely good at negotiation, got good know how about politics and would speak out the same what goes through his head. THE BANKS: TRIAL BY FIRE:- When the Congress passed Chryslers loan of $ 1.5 Billion dollars, it was time to collect the money from the designated banks. These banks were based in the whole country as well in other parts of the world. But these banks made Lee and associates to be on toes in order to receive their loan. The writer said that the banking sector started showing bad attitude to them, even before when Chryslers hearings initiated in Congress and Senate. When giving the amount in chunks the bank representatives never bothered about Chrysler and after how long its going to rise. What they always concerned was about their banks money, meaning when Lees Chrysler will pay back loans money to them. Eventually, after lot of hassle and hard time with bank people, they received Chryslers first installment. Thus, it will result into a rebirth of a motor company. THE K-CAR AND A CLOSE CALL:- The moment, day, month, and year was there for Chrysler to stand on its feet. In fact Lee and his very brilliant ex-Ford colleague and current coworker Hal Sperlich had dreamt to launch small American built cars, from the days when they were at Ford. Unfortunately, Henry Ford, chairman and CEO of Ford motor company never permitted them to do so. But now they had the time, resource to fulfill that dream but no need of seeking permission, because Iacocca was in charge at the company. So they built, researched its name, advertised and launch K-Car. This model of Chrysler was rock solid, got a decent style, and has four cylinders engine with a fuel efficiency of 25 miles per gallon in intra city. Whereupon its consumption on the highway (motorway) it has mileage of 41 miles per gallon. Apart from its features the best thing of K-Car, that it was the first vehicle that can fit in six Americans but remain light in weight and gives amazing fuel efficiency. PUBLIC MAN, PUBLIC OFFICE:- The writer describes here that when Chrysler was back on track in market and started doing well. He learned the news that he too is campaigning for President of US but truly it wasnt correct at all. Iacocca believed that people made such rumors on the basis, because he did lot of advertisements for Chryslers promotion. He further explained that people write many letters to him saying that he should run for president. Another well-wisher of Lee wrote to him: I will write exact words of book here and they are why dont you turn this country around? Why are you wasting your time selling cars? Iacocca, analyzed and observe that why people of America wants him to be their next President because from the day Eisenhower (34th President of United States from January 20, 1953  Ã‚  January 20, 1961) left Oval office (the office of US President is called Oval Office) America started going down. And all the way after Eisenhower, none would turned up to be a great President and stayed long to fl ourish the countrys economy. In the end he said that he is very grateful to all those people who think that he would be the next President of America. But he believes that these priceless statements of people made my day and gave lot of contentment, which cant be expressed. A BITTERSWEET VICTORY:- Chrysler right after producing K-Car, then manufacturing fantastic line of cars all the way from Le Baron, Chrysler E Class, Dodge 600, the New Yorker, in sports car category it was called Dodge Daytona and lastly Chrysler Laser. So, now Iacoccas great company was back in business and started making good profit. Whereupon, writer decided to do a press conference in which he wants to brief the media on their success. The primary purpose of this conference was to abandon those titles which media gave them when Chrysler was on the edge of bankruptcy. While talking to the press Lee said as: Effective immediately, Chrysler is no longer cash starved or struggling or financially troubled. If you insist you may continue to call us the nations number three auto maker. But those other phrases are now banished forever! Afterwards, the profit they made in next year surpassed Chryslers previous history of profit earnings. Further, writer talks about the promises they made to lift Chrysler. These promises includes, modernization of plants on basis of latest technology, converting the fleet of cars to front wheel drive technology, to become leaders in fuel economy, promised to maintain employment for half a million workers. Last but not the least promised to produce exciting products. The writer called this bittersweet victory to two things. He refe

Free College Essays - The Obligations of Hector in Homer’s Iliad :: Iliad essays

The Obligations of Hector in Homer’s Iliad    In Homer’s Iliad, an extremely courageous and noble character is Hector, Prince of Troy.   Hector does not want war, so his decision to lead the assault on the Achaean forces may seem strange.   However, if there were a noble way out of the war, Hector might have taken it. â€Å"Without a noble escape, Hector is forced to fight†(Willcock 62).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     It does not seem to be rooted in his own belief that his brother Paris' actions are worthy of defense, or that Helen is a prize absolutely worth fighting for. In fact, although he feels fraternal affection for his brother, he reviles Paris several times for his selfishness and womanizing that has brought such grief to Troy. To Hecuba, he says "A great curse Olympian Zeus let live and grow in him [Paris], for Troy and high-hearted Priam and all his sons." (VI.334-5) He is angry at Paris, not only for the taking of Helen, but for his hiding from battle, allowing the other men of Troy to die for the trophy that Paris keeps in his bed. "You'd be the first to lash out at another -- anywhere -- you saw hanging back from this, this hateful war. Up with you -- before all Troy is torched to a cinder here and now!" he berates Paris (VI.389-90). And later, in the heat of battle, he cries again: "Paris, appalling Paris! Our prince of beauty -- mad for women, you lure them all to ruin!" (XIII.888-9) He is not fighting, then, out of respect for his brother's right to Helen. It is not that Hector believes that he is doing the right thing according to his own perception of the situation, only the honorable one, out of duty to country. Hector also has a personal stake in the battle -- he sees fighting his hardest as the only possible means of saving his beloved wife and child. He says to Andromache: "I would die of shame to face the men of Troy . . .if I would shrink from battle now, a coward." (VI.523-5) He goes on to evoke images of a widowed and enslaved Andromache, living far from home. However, it appears that his concern here is not entirely for her pain, but for the fact that people will speak of her as the woman whose husband, although brave, was not strong enough to fight off her day of slavery.

Miranda v Arizona Essay

Citation: 384 U.S. 436, 10 Ohio Misc. 9, 86 S. Ct. 1602, 16 L. Ed. 2d 694 (1966) Brief Fact Summary: Self-incriminating evidence was provided by the defendants while interrogated by police without prior notification of the Fifth Amendment Rights of the United States Constitution. Synopsis of Rule of Law: Authorities of the Government must notify suspects of their Fifth Amendment constitutional rights prior to an interrogation following an arrest. Facts: The Supreme Court of the United States consolidated four separate cases with issues regarding the admissibility of evidence obtained during police interrogations. * The first Defendant, Ernesto Miranda, was arrested for kidnapping and rape. Mr. Miranda was an immigrant, and although the officers did not notify Mr. Miranda of his rights, he signed a confession after two hours of investigation. The signed statement included a statement that Mr. Miranda was aware of his rights. * The second Defendant, Michael Vignera, was arrested for robbery. Mr. Vignera orally admitted to the robbery to the first officer after the arrest, and he was held in detention for eight hours before he made an admission to an assistant district attorney. There was no evidence that he was notified of his Fifth Amendment constitutional rights. * The third Defendant, Carl Calvin Westover, was arrested for two robberies. Mr. Westover was questioned over fourteen hours by local police, and then was handed to Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents, who were able to get signed confessions from Mr. Westover. The authorities did not notify Mr. Westover of his Fifth Amendment constitutional rights. * The fourth Defendant, Roy Allen Stewart, was arrested, along with members of his family (although there was no evidence of any wrongdoing by his family) for a series of purse snatches. There was no evidence that Mr. Stewart was notified of his rights. After nine interrogations, Mr. Stewart admitted to the crimes. Issue: Whether the government is required to notify the arrested defendants of their Fifth Amendment constitutional rights against self-incrimination before they interrogate the defendants? Held: The government needs to notify arrested individuals of their Fifth Amendment constitutional rights, specifically: their right to remain silent; an explanation that anything they say could be used against them in court; their right to an attorney; and their right to have an attorney appointed to represent them if necessary. Without this notification, anything admitted by an arrestee in an interrogation will not be admissible in court. Dissent: Justice Tom Clark argued that the Due Process Clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the Constitution would apply to interrogations. There is not enough evidence to demonstrate a need to apply a new rule as the majority finds here. The second dissent written by Justice John Harlan also argues that the Due Process Clauses should apply. Harlan further argues that the Fifth Amendment rule against self-incrimination was not intended to forbid any and all pressures against self-incrimination. Justice Byron White argued that there is no historical support for broadening the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution to include the rights that the majority extends in their decision. The majority is making new law with their holding. Argued: February 28, March 1, and March 2, 1966 Decided: June 13, 1966 Vote: 5-4 in favor of Defendants Conclusion: The majority notes that once an individual chooses to remain silent or asks to first see an attorney, any interrogation should cease. Further, the individual has the right to stop the interrogation at any time, and the government will not be allowed to argue for an exception to the notification rule. Follow-up (Miranda v. Arizona): After the Supreme Court overturned the conviction of Miranda, the State of Arizona retried him. Miranda was convicted in the second trial by Arizona and sentenced to 20-30 years; the confession by Miranda was not introduced as part of evidence.

Human Resource Management Project Essay

Introduction Human Resource Management is defined as the policies, practices and systems that influence an employee’s behaviour, attitude, and performance in the attainment of organizational goals, and it is also a way of management that links people-related activities to the strategy of a business or organization. Now days, the human resource has an important function in the companies or organizations. The human resource provides significant support and advice to line management because many companies consider their human capital as their most important asset. The purpose of this report is to compare and contrast the human resource management between India and Canada. This report will describe the human rights, recruitment, selection, training and development, and health and safety of Indian companies, and research the role of human resource in the recruitment and selection processes of Indian companies, and finally compare and contrast them to Canadian human resources practices. Moreover, this report will also analyze the cultural differences between Canada and India. The report aims to find difference human resource management between Canada and India, and improve the human resource management system of Canada. Role of Human Resources in the Recruiting and Selection Human resource plays an instrumental role in helping their organization achieve its goals of becoming a socially and environmentally responsible firm. In India, there is large-scale unemployment with shortage of skilled labour, hence, the role of HR in recruiting will provide the necessary tools to maintain a positive competitive labour market. Clearly defined role of Human Resources in Recruitment process is very important for measuring the success of the whole Recruitment Process. The overall setting of the HR Role in Recruitment is directly linked to Recruitment Strategy and HR Strategy. [1] Human resource and hiring managers play a highly significant role for setting the correct measures and defining the potential gaps in the whole recruitment process. The role of Human Resources in India is increasing, from making the process working to the real management of HR Processes and the Recruitment Process was the first to manage. The Recruitment Strategy changed – the efficiency and costs to the company were more important.[2] The role of HR in recruiting and selection process in India has following factors: 1) Decides about the design of the recruitment processes and to decide about the split of roles and responsibilities between Human Resources and Hiring Manager 2) Decides about the right profile of the candidate 3) Decides about the sources of candidates 4) Decides about the measures to be monitored to measure the success of the process The role of HR in Recruitment is very important to work on the development of the recruitment and selection process and to make the process very competitive on the market. Good recruitment and selection can make sure the organization has enough advantaged and appropriate employee and managers; in addition to that, it can lead to company work more efficiency. * Recruiting process has following steps: 1. Identify vacancy 2. Prepare job description and person specification 3. Advertising the vacancy 4. Managing the response 5. Short-listing 6. Arrange interviews 7. Conducting interview and decision making * Selection involves the following components: Reception, screening interview, application blank, selection test, selection interview, medical test, reference checks, and hiring decision. Chap: 3 Human Resource practice in India India is being widely recognised as one of the most exciting emerging economics in the world. Besides becoming a global hub of outsourcing, Indian firms are spreading their wings globally through mergers and acquisitions. During the first four months of 1997, Indian companies have bought 34 foreign companies for about U.S. $11 billion dollars. This impressive development has been due to a growth in inputs (capital and labour) as well as factor productivity. By the year 2020, India is expected to add about 250 million to its labour pool at the rate of about 18 million a year, which is more than the entire labour force of Germany. This so called ‘demographic dividend’ has drawn a new interest in the Human Resource concepts and practices in India.[6] In a general, if we look at the history of Human resource practice in recent years, we can see effect on the managerial history of India was to be provided by the British system of corporate organisation for 200 years. Clearly, the socio cultural roots of Indian heritage are diverse and have been drawn from multiple sources including ideas brought from other parts of the old world. In India, the Human resource management practice is in transition face it is learning new ideas from other parts of the world and also with growing population and growing multinational companies coming to India the work culture is continuously improving. One of the noteworthy features of the Indian workplace is demographic uniqueness. It is estimated that both China and India will have a population of 1.45 billion people by 2030; however, India will have a larger workforce than China. Indeed, it is likely India will have 986 million people of working age in 2030, which will probably be about 300 million more than in 2007. And by 2050, it is expected India will have 230 million more workers than China and about 500 million more than the United States of America (U.S.). It may be noted that half of India’s current population of 1.1 billion people are under of 25 years of age.[7] While this fact is a demographic dividend for the economy, it is also a danger sign for the country’s ability to create new jobs at an unprecedented rate. As he has been pointed out by Meredith. [8] Here are some key factors responsible for shift in HRM practice in India [9] Above figure presents the key drivers for contemporary Indian HRM trends. In Figure, there are four external spheres of intervention for HRM professionals and these spheres are integrated in a complex array within organisational settings. The intellectual sphere, which emphasises the mindset transaction in work organisations, has been significantly impacted by the forces of globalisation. The other three spheres, of figure, namely the emotional, the socio cultural and the managerial domains are undergoing, similar profound changes. Key HRM Practices in Indian Organisations: The above figure describes the general HRM practise in Public sector Organization. In private sector the HRM sector is not organized. In Private sector THE HRM practice depends on individual company basis. Company Profile: Infosys technology is a leading software company based in India which was established in 1981 and is listed in NASDAQ as a global consulting and IT services company with more than 122,000 employees. From a capital of US$ 250 they have grown to become a US$ 5.38 billion company with a market capitalization of approximately US$ 38 billion. In their journey of over 29 years they have catalyzed some of the major changes that have led to India’s emergence as the global destination for software services talent. [10] Recruitment Process: The Company uses different sources like Campus Interviews, advertisements in newspapers and applications received through the company website. Firstly, they do not have any distinction between any branch of Engineering, applicant from any branch can apply for the selection process but the only criteria is to meet the requirement of grades, the applicant should be very well qualified and should have high grades and the time gap which means if any of the applicant was rejected in the selection process then they can only apply after 9 months. The qualified candidates are shortlisted and are called for a written test. [11] Selection Process of choosing individuals with qualifications needed to fill jobs in an organization. The duration of the selection process in Infosys is 2.5 hours which includes filling in an application form, an Aptitude Test ( Analytical Thinking and Arithmetic Reasoning) and a test of Communicative English Language. The duration of the tests is 90 minutes and the Aptitude Test consists of puzzles type and the number of questions varies between 9 to 15. [12] Training and Development Infosys training, continuing education and career development programs are designed to ensure that the technology professional enhances their skill-sets in alignment to their respective goals. The following are the types of training provided by Infosys to their new recruits and employees. Technical Training by Education and Research Department Most of the new candidates that are hired complete 14 weeks of integrated on-the-job-training prior to being assigned to their business units. All these training are done in a total area of 1.44 million square feet in The Infosys Global Education Center in Mysore- India, which can train approximately 14,000 employees at a time. As of March 31, 2010 they employed 610 full-time employees as faculty which included 208 employees with doctorate or masters degrees. The faculty also conducts integrated training for the new employees. They also make employees to undergo certification programs each year to develop the skills relevant that are for their roles. [13] Personal Effectiveness and Managerial Programs The above program is to enhance the managerial capabilities and leadership abilities in order to have better customer satisfaction, achieve their organizational vision and to create high performing multicultural teams. [14] Performance Management Creating an equitable and inclusive work environment In 2008-09 Infosys were recognized for their efforts to promote a more inclusive work environment. They won the Corporate Award for Excellence in Gender Inclusivity instituted by the National Association for Software Companies (NASSCOM), India, for the second consecutive year. They also received the Helen Keller award which was instituted by the National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People, for the third consecutive year and they also won the ASTD Excellence in Practice Award for diversity training. [15] The Head -HRD, is the custodian of equal employment opportunity. The Diversity Office and the HR department are responsible for coordinating efforts in implementing and disseminating information regarding the company’s diversity agenda. Being an IT services company they do not have any business identified as having risk for incidents of forced or compulsory or child labour, therefore they foresee risk of child labour in their supply chain in India, and therefore controls it through the vendor selection process. Compensation and Benefits Infosys compensates its human assets in three ways by adding learning value through training and development and appraisal practices. Infosys also adds emotional value through initiatives directed towards supporting employees with their work and personal needs and they also adds financial value through monetary compensation which is neither above nor below the market level. Infosys was one of the first Indian companies to offer stock option plans to their employees. Benefits Infosys work-life policies reflect local requirements and regulations. The employees in India are eligible for paid maternity leave and paternity leave under the law which is referred as the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 under which pregnant women can take paid leave up to 14 weeks, first seven weeks before delivery and other seven weeks after delivery and the maximum payment is $441.6 per week before tax. They also have satellite offices for new mothers, telecommuting for employees on need basis, adoption leave, flexible work hours, part-time work policy, one-year childcare sabbatical policy and near-site day care facilities. Employees can apply for scholarships for their children who have excelled in academics, arts and culture. Infoscions can also apply for extended family healthcare coverage. [16] In addition to that they are also provide benefits such as statutory benefits as pension, medical insurance under Employee State Insurance Scheme which is an integrated measure of Social Insurance embodied in the Employees’ State Insurance Act and is designed to accomplish the task of protecting ‘employees’ against the hazards of sickness, maternity, disablement and death due to employment injury and to provide medical care to insured persons and their families. An employee covered under the scheme has to contribute 1.75% of the wages whereas, an employer contributes 4.75% of the wages payable to an employee. The total contribution in respect of an employee comes out to 6.50% of the wages payable. They are also offered loan program which was found attractive to the employees. Loans were taken for pursuing a degree program such as MBA, or to meet personal needs such as purchasing a car or a house. [17] Health and Safety The Health Assessment and Lifestyle Enrichment (HALE) program supports their healthcare policies at a global level. In Australia they have a unique practice of having a specialist available on call for ergonomics assessment in the work area. They also provide annual health checkups for all employees at their India-based locations. [18] Chap-4 Comparison and Contrast between HR practice of India and china In comparison between India and Canada India’s ranks higher in Uncertainty Avoidance Index than Canada which means Indian wants clear cut responsibilities and job description. India’s Power Distance rank is also higher than Canada which means that in India there is unequal distribution of wealth and power in the society. India and Canada are at the opposite ends in terms of Individualism, with Canada displaying much greater Individualism than the collectivist society of India. Canadians are more autonomous and self-control in the ability to make decisions and wants to work without direct supervisions, than Indian employees. Indian employees like to work more in tandem with their managers when setting personal goals than did Canadian employees. Indians are more forward thinking when planning actions and goals which found significant correlations between these differences in perceptions and differences in cultural characteristics which include power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and paternalism. Canadians scored lower on these traits than Indians. [19] Chap – 5 About Cultural differences and Implications to Professional Practice India is a country in conversion. History, society, economic and cultural factors strongly influence Indian Human Resource Management (HRM) and mindset. The dynamic changes taking place in India, and their consequent influence and reflection in Indian HRM, the following factors provide essential background and context about key aspects of the Indian: language, geography and generational differences. Following the strong influence of the society cultural context in India does not always allow the applicability of Western management and organization theories. [3] Pawan S. Budhawar, the Indian management scholar, he emphasizes that â€Å"to a great extent, this is a core issue for Western firms operating in the Indian context and sends a clear message to researchers in the field. The intention of both HR practitioners and researchers should be to continuously develop, test and re-test constructs suitable for conducting research and develop relevant practice in the Indian context.† [4] With the challenge of mixing Western management practices with Eastern management traditions, we have to understand the Indian HRM context and its related influence on mindset is a necessity for both Indian and Western organizations. In a typical leadership development project, here is an assumption about: First, there are more qualified candidates than available leadership positions (could be internally or externally. Second, turnover of employees identified as ‘key talent† will not increase. Third, employees who are not identified as â€Å"k ey talent† will accept that the assessment process is fair. Indian human resource management will continue to evolve, and it will continue to be important characteristic of growth and sustainability. Chap – 6 Other relevant topics Generally speaking, In the process of recruiting, training management, the performance of India and Canada is similar. They use similar strategies for select right employees, like internal and external recruitment. Using skills tests and talent questions helping employers find a best person for the job. On the other hand, there are some obvious differences. Firstly, in Canada, there are a lots of policies (Provincial and territorial human rights legislation, Canada Human Rights Act) implemented by federal or national governments to protect the rights of employees, like policies about minimum wage employer must pay to workers, sexual orientation, marital status, and maximum work time. Besides that, when the rights of employees was ruined, employees can complain with some constitution including The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Citizenship Commission. On the other hand, the policies protecting employees are scary. Employees look for job by individual, and the salary and benefits paid to employees is determined by employers. Because India in a labour intensive country. The price is cheaper than Canada obviously. In addition, India do not have policies about minimum wage. The codes protecting the rights of women and young are in little quantities. Which is more, compared with Canada. It is harder for employees in India sue the company which exploits them. For instance Even though India is a labour intensive country, because of high growth of developing, it is not a big problem to find a job in their own country. A lot of jobs are created because of the increasing of market demands. Since Canada is multicultural country. You can find people from Australia, Asia and Europe. They are seeking jobs in Canada. Apart from this Canada is a secular Country. So Canada has a lot of policies about avoiding discrimination like religion, race and color. Conclusion: By analyzing and studying various reports and research paper we can say that there is vast difference between the HR practice between India and Canada. The rules and regulation regarding Human resource management are quite similar in both countries. The government of both Countries has made clear rules and regulations, but in India there is lack of implementation of the rules. Various research paper also indicates that the HRM is in transition phase, due to globalization the global practice becoming more and more familiar to Indian corporate groups. The study also suggests that there is socio-cultural influence on HRM practice in India. India has to go far to reach global HRM practice, but it is also showing good positive changes in terms of positive HRM policy guideline and support from government. Bibliography: 1. http://hrguide.applezoom.com/2007/09/hr-role-in-recruitment 2. (http://hrguide.applezoom.com/2007/09/hr-role-in-recruitment 3. http://www.shrm.org/Research/Articles/Articles/Documents/ 4. Budhwar, P. S. (2009). Challenges Facing Indian HRM And the Way Forward. In P. S. Budhwar & J. Bhatnagar (Eds.), the Changing Faces of People Management in India (pp. 289-300). New York: Routledge. 5. Adapted from Towers Perrin. (2008). 2007-2008 Towers Perrin global workforce study. Retrieved August 26, 2009, www.towersperrin.com 6. http://rphrm.curtin.edu.au/2007/issue2/india.html 7. Chatterjee, S.R. (2006). Human resource management in India. In A. Nankervis, Chatterjee, S.R. & J. Coffey (Eds.), Perspectives of human resource management in the Asia Pacific (41-62). Pearson Prentice Hall: Malaysia. 8. Meredith, R. (2007). The elephant and the dragon: The rise of India and China and what it means for all of us. New York: W.W.Norton & Co. 9. http://rphrm.curtin.edu.au/2007/issue2/india.html 10. http://www.infosys.com/about/who-we-are/Pages/history.aspx 11. http://www.ittestpapers.com/articles/-infosys-selection-procedure.html 12. http://www.infosys.com/investors/reports-filings/annual-report/annual/Documents/Infosys-AR-08.pdf 13.

Improving Student Behavior With Behavior Contracts

Improving Student Behavior With Behavior Contracts Behavior contracts that describe appropriate replacement behavior consequences and rewards can really help students succeed, eliminate problem behavior and build a positive relationship with the students teachers. Contracts can eliminate the never-ending battle of wits that begins when a student engages the teacher and the teacher gets hooked. Contracts can focus the student and teacher on the good behavior rather than on the problems. A behavior contract can be a positive intervention to avoid the need to write a Behavior Intervention Plan. If a childs behavior merits a check in the Special Considerations section of the IEP, federal law requires that you conduct a Functional Behavioral Analysis and write a Behavior Intervention Plan.  If another intervention can prevent the behavior from getting out of control, you can avoid a lot of work as well as possibly needing to call an additional IEP team meeting. What Is a Behavior Contract? A behavior contract is an agreement between a student, their parent and the teacher. It spells out the expected behavior, the unacceptable behavior, the benefits (or rewards) for improving behavior and the consequence for failing to improve behavior. This contract should be worked out with the parent and the child and is most effective if the parent reinforces the appropriate behavior, rather than the teacher. Accountability is an important part of the success of a behavior contract. The components: Participants: Parent, Teacher, and Student. If both parents participate in the conference, more power to them! It is clearly an indication that they will support your effort. If you are in a middle school and other teachers besides the special educator will be enforcing the plan, they all need to sign off on the contract. Finally, the student should be consulted, especially about the rewards. What is a fitting reward for proving that they can improve their school behavior?The Behavior: Describing the behavior negatively (stop hitting, stop speaking out of turn, stop swearing) will focus on the behavior that you want to extinguish. You need to be sure that you are describing the replacement behavior, the behavior you want to see in its place. You want to be rewarding the student for the behavior that you want to see, rather than punishing the behavior you do not want to see. Research has proven conclusively that punishment doesnt work: it makes a behavior disappear temporarily, but th e minute the punisher leaves, the behavior will reappear. It is important that the replacement behavior serves the same function as the behavior you with to eliminate. Raising your hand doesnt replace calling out if the function of calling out is to get attention from peers. You need to find a behavior that will also provide appropriate attention. Data collection: How will you record when wanted or unwanted behavior has occurred? You may have a student self-monitoring protocol, or even a teacher checklist or teacher record sheet. Often it can be as simple as a three by five-inch note card taped to the desk, where the teacher can place a star or a check for appropriate behavior.The Reward: You need to be sure that you establish both the reward and the threshold for getting the reward. How many inappropriate behaviors are allowed and yet the student can still earn the reward? How long does the student need to exhibit the behavior before the student earns the reward? What if the student backslides? Does he or she still get to keep credit for the success that preceded it?Consequences: If the behavior you are targeting is problematic and can potentially inhibit the success not only of the student in question, but for the whole class, it needs to have consequences. The consequences also need to kick in when a certain threshold is me t. In most cases, the success of exhibiting the replacement behavior, along with the praise and positive emphasis that should accompany the success, it shouldnt need to be instituted. Still, if a behavior disrupts the classroom and puts other children at risk, the consequence needs to be one that returns peace to the classroom and makes the other children safe. It may be to remove the child from the room, or move the child to the quiet corner. Signatures: Get everyones signature. Make a big deal about it, and be sure that you keep a copy of the contract handy, so you can refer to it when you want to either motivate or redirect the student. Instituting Your Contract Be sure that everything is in place before you begin the contract. How will the parents be informed and how often? Daily? Weekly? How will parents be informed of a bad day? How will you know for sure that the report has been seen? What is the consequence if the reporting form is not returned? A call to Mom? Celebrate Success! Be sure to let the student know when you are pleased when they are having success with their contract. I find that often the first few days are very successful, and it usually takes a few days before the there is any backsliding. Success feeds success. So be sure to let your student how happy you are when they do succeed.

Free Essays on Youth Affenders

To many Americans today, the country is a hostage-but not from oversea terrorism as one might expect to think. No today, we live in fear from our own children; and these are the same young people who we are entrusting the future of this great country with. According to the Department of Justice reports, thirty-eight percent of those arrested for weapons offenses in 2003 were under the age of eighteen. In the same report, the Bureau of Justice Statistics stated that in 2003, 3 out of every 100 eighteen-year-olds were arrested for weapons offenses. A rate three times higher than for males twenty-five to twenty-nine and five times higher than for males thirty to thirty-four. Just weeks later the FBI released a report indicating that arrests for youths under eighteen increased by seven percent in 2004 (Curriden). In light of these disturbing statistics, it may not be surprising that the general public is starting to believe its children are getting meaner and more violent. The media, politicians and the American public want something done, and they want it done now. Right now we are beginning to realize that if the situation looks bleak now, it could deteriorate even more in the future. The U.S. Census projects that the juvenile population reported to be 27.1 million in 2003 will rise to 33.8 million by the year 2010 (Curriden). At the heart of this controversy: the juvenile justice system. For the past several years the system has been under attack by every one from state legislatures to parent-teen groups. Our solution to the rising juvenile crime problem to get tougher. According to a recent USA Today/CNN/Gallup Poll, 60 percent of Americans believe that a teenager convicted of murder should get the death penalty (Ollson). In response to this â€Å"get-tough† mood, more and more states are passing legislation to try youths as adults for more types of crime at younger ages. Colorado for example has a brand new type of tough love for ... Free Essays on Youth Affenders Free Essays on Youth Affenders To many Americans today, the country is a hostage-but not from oversea terrorism as one might expect to think. No today, we live in fear from our own children; and these are the same young people who we are entrusting the future of this great country with. According to the Department of Justice reports, thirty-eight percent of those arrested for weapons offenses in 2003 were under the age of eighteen. In the same report, the Bureau of Justice Statistics stated that in 2003, 3 out of every 100 eighteen-year-olds were arrested for weapons offenses. A rate three times higher than for males twenty-five to twenty-nine and five times higher than for males thirty to thirty-four. Just weeks later the FBI released a report indicating that arrests for youths under eighteen increased by seven percent in 2004 (Curriden). In light of these disturbing statistics, it may not be surprising that the general public is starting to believe its children are getting meaner and more violent. The media, politicians and the American public want something done, and they want it done now. Right now we are beginning to realize that if the situation looks bleak now, it could deteriorate even more in the future. The U.S. Census projects that the juvenile population reported to be 27.1 million in 2003 will rise to 33.8 million by the year 2010 (Curriden). At the heart of this controversy: the juvenile justice system. For the past several years the system has been under attack by every one from state legislatures to parent-teen groups. Our solution to the rising juvenile crime problem to get tougher. According to a recent USA Today/CNN/Gallup Poll, 60 percent of Americans believe that a teenager convicted of murder should get the death penalty (Ollson). In response to this â€Å"get-tough† mood, more and more states are passing legislation to try youths as adults for more types of crime at younger ages. Colorado for example has a brand new type of tough love for ...

abortion Essays (813 words) - RTT, Abortion, Fertility, Free Essays

Abortion is the act of destroying an un-born fetus in a woman?s womb. Its known as one of the most controversial issues discussed in today?s society. The topic can be put into two categories; pro-choice, and pro-life. Those who support pro-choice believe that abortion is a woman?s right, and that abortion is acceptable. While on the hand those who support pro-life believe, abortion is morally wrong, and can be considered murder. However the issue has caused a great deal of turmoil in the world. Some protesters have even killed other people over this issue, which is ironic because killing human beings is exactly what those people are protesting. Pro-choice advocates argue that abortion is not murder, because life does not begin until the child is born, or sometime relatively close. Since the idea of life depends on ones religious, and theological views, it can make a complicated argument. However, from a scientific stand point, theres no room for argument. Scientist believe life begins at conception, and continues until birth. The definition of alive is, that a being is growing, developing, maturing, and replacing its own dying cells, which a fetus is capable of doing. Pro-choice advocates have argued that a woman had the right to her own body, and that the government shouldn?t be able to control a woman?s body, which is true. A woman, just like any other human being should have complete control to their own bodies. Having an abortion is murder, it is giving a woman the right to murder an unborn fetus. A woman has the right to get pregnant, and should take full advantage of all the possibilities and options while getting pregnant. Allowing a woman to have an abortion, is allowing a woman to commit murder. Abortion is immoral and wrong, with the exceptions in cases of incest, rape, and when the mother?s life is in danger. Using abortion as a form of birth control is murder, it is killing an unborn fetus. Believing that abortion is a woman?s right to her own body is startling to believe. Never has a state granted a citizen the right to have another person killed in order to solve a personal, social, or financial dilemmas. Abortion can also lead to many physical, and or mental problems. About 10 percent of women who have an abortion will suffer immediate complications. And about 2 percent are considered life threatening. Another likely complication is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, which can later lead to infertility. Some of the more major complications which can occur at the time of an abortion are: Genital Tract Infection, excessive bleeding, embolism, ripping or perforation of the uterus, anesthesia complications, convulsions, hemorrhage, cervical injury, and endotoxic shock. The most common "minor" complications include: infection, bleeding, fever, second degree burns, chronic abdominal pain, vomiting, and gastro-intestinal disturbances. Post-Abortion Syndrome better known as PAS can be a mental after affect from abortion. A Los Angeles Times survey back in 1989 showed that 56% of women who had an abortion felt guilty, and 26% felt guilty about having an abortion Abortion isn?t always successful, there are about 50 failed abortions cases a year. A failed abortion is when a woman attempts an abortion and the fetus survives. Fused joints, Cerebral Palsy, growth retardation, missing limbs, or digit abnormalities and other congenital problems are just some of the medical complications that can result after abortion. A failed abortion can either be a continued intrauterine pregnancy or can also take place as an ectopic pregnancy. A continued pregnancy is a normal pregnancy, in which the woman can go on to give birth to her baby. An Ectopic is a pregnancy that takes place in the fallopian tubes and is not a result of the abortion, its a natural occurrence, and can actually be the reason of the failed abortion. Ectopic pregnancies that are not terminated can be fatal. After having an abortion there are many effects that can occur in future pregnancies. About 24.3 percent of women experience complications in future pregnancies, after having an abortion. Excessive bleeding, premature delivery, cervical damage, and even infertility are just some of the complications that women can experience after an abortion. Placenta previa, a condition producing extremely severe,

Government's Policies and Economic Development Essay

Government's Policies and Economic Development - Essay Example Problems faced by developing & transition economies, in which more markets are lacking, the markets that do exist may function less effectively, and information problems are more severe than in industrial countries simply because of the rapid change in the economic environment. While markets failures loom larger over this developing and transition economies, the capacity of the government to correct these market failures is often weaker. So the question arises is what should have been the role of the government in the past two decades. Assessing the appropriate role of the government requires the recognition of both the need for and the limitation of the government action. Successful governments have helped create markets such as bond and stock markets and long- term credit institution. They have established and enforced laws and regulations that have financial markets more stable and increased competition in all sectors. In many cases government has acted as a surrogate entrepreneur, encouraging the firms to enter the certain markets. Especially in export markets governments have provided firms with strong incentives. Some econometric evidences suggest that many of these interventions were quite effective. For instance, an analysis of the mild financial restraint evidenced in most East Asian economies suggest that it did lead to more rapid economic growth, but it can not be inferred that all governments are infallible. Even in the East Asian economies governments have made mistakes. The Japanese government for example initially prevented Honda from entering the automobile industry. Government cannot fix every problem. Government definitely has a plac e, but it should know its place. Economic growth in the last 20 years has shown a very clear decline in progress for some countries as compared with the previous two decades (1960 - 1980). The poorest group of countries went from a per capita GDP growth rate of 1.9 percent annually in 1960-80, to a decline of 0.5 percent per year (1980-2000). For the middle group (which includes mostly poor countries), there was a sharp decline from an annual per capita growth rate of 3.6 percent to just less than 1 percent Progress in education also slowed in the last two decades. The rate of growth of primary, secondary, and tertiary (post-secondary) school enrollment was slower for most groups of countries. There are some exceptions, but these tend to be concentrated among the better performing groups of countries. By almost every measure of education, including literacy rates, the middle and poorer performing groups saw less rapid progress in the period of globalization than in the prior two decades. The rate of growth of public spending on education, as a share of GDP, also slowed across many countries. Over the past few years the persistent economic crisis in Asia has called into question much of the received wisdom that liberalization has enhanced the economic contribution of international capital markets. The Asian crisis is but the most recent example of other similar episodes: the

Obesity is increasingly referred to as a global epidemic. Discuss the Essay

Obesity is increasingly referred to as a global epidemic. Discuss the causes and consequences of, and possible solutions to this - Essay Example The BMI of an individual is calculated from the proportion of their body height and weight. It’s a statistical calculation that can be done even with the use of a calculator as long as you have your exact height and weight information. A BMI reading of above 25 is also an indication of overweight that if not looked at may develop into obesity. The point of accessing the information about your body weight as easily as through dialing a calculator is to help people get easy access and use the information effectively. Obesity is an epidemic that is at a very fast rate spreading throughout the world. The first study to calculate the impact on the environment of growing waistlines has estimated that the adult human population weighs in at 287 million tons, 15 million of which is due to the overweight and 3.5 million due to obesity (Gray 2012). Thus a lot of emphasis should be put in addressing this epidemic before the condition gets worse. This paper therefore examines this global epidemic; the causes and consequences, and possible solutions. CAUSES Obesity occurs when energy intake from food and drink consumption is greater than energy expenditure through the body’s metabolism and physical activity over a prolonged period, resulting in the accumulation of excess body fat (Public Health England 2013). It, just like any other condition or disease has its causes that can be looked into and avoided or precluded in our day to day lives. Such a risky health condition if not well treated and addressed can be fatal and even lead to death. Its causes are; too much eating of high calorie food, living in too much comfort with little physical exercise, medical reasons and lifestyle choice (NHS Choices 2013). This are causes that can be avoide since they involve our day to day lives and activities. They are actions that an individual can make do with or without as long they have the will and motivation to always keep fit and healthy. Eating too much food that has high callorie is a habit that is developed as people grow. Callories are the energy content that is available in a specific diet and measures its value thereof. Foods such as hamburger, fries can add a lot of calories to the body if consumed in large amounts, and it is therefore paramount that they are kept in check. The average physically active man needs 2,500 calories to maintain a healthy weight, and the average physically active woman needs 2,000 (NHS Choices 2013). The large amounts should be distributed among the different food types that have the different nutritious values, and not to just starch or protein foods alone. Lifestyle choice is also another cause of obesity and can as easily be kept in check to avoid this condition just like the others. People tend to envy and enjoy lives that are to the human eye perfect but in actual sense not balanced at all. Obesity depends of fat deposits that take quite some time to accumulate is hence it develops gradually in a person and not in one day. Living a lifestyle that is stylish of; fast food regularly, too much alcohol, too much sugary food and dessert eventually leads to increase in weight (NHS Choices 2013). This is especially if these are taken in large quantities and in almost every meal of the day. The excess that is in the body and of no nutritious value get deposited to the adipose tissues in the body and become fats that bring about overweight and then obesity. Such a lifestyle

Research paper on sustainable fashion Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

On sustainable fashion - Research Paper Example The fashion industry has undergone a tremendous transformation over the years. Global fashion trends are in a continuous change and this has forced the industry to adopt new operational patterns. There is a growing need for high-class fashion products and services globally. Sustainability can be achieved through various means including, application of technology, proper management of human resource, and wise choice of supply chains. The fashion industry has been able to solve many issues associated with obstacles in sustainability and this has made it grow tremendously. This paper addresses the different way the fashion industry can approach in aiming sustainability and meeting the global fashion needs while adhering to the social and environmental laws. There are various issues that arise along the way as the fashion industry strives to attain sustainability. The issues that hamper sustainability in the fashion industry are both internal and external. Internal issues relate to management whereas the external ones arise from the economic trends outside the industry. One of the issues in sustainability in the fashion industry is the poor management of resources and overspending. Success in any business relies on how the resources are managed. The fashion industry faces various challenges in coming upon with a credible framework that can guide it in channeling its resources. The industry is vast and this makes it hard for the owners of fashion companies to come to terms on matters of expenditure. Additionally, the fashion industry has a poor cost control avenue and this translates into overspending. Although the industry boasts huge revenues globally, its income ends up in wasteful spending. Sustainability can be seen in the minimized operational costs and use of environment-friendly forms of energy. The fashion industry is complex and resource management issues arise making it hard to hit the mark of sustainability. One of the major issues arising in

Compare and contrast financial and managerial accounting Essay

Compare and contrast financial and managerial accounting - Essay Example This memo outlines the differences between managerial accounting and financial accounting and the Managerial Reports and Usefulness in Decision Making. The reports presented in this memo comprise of product cost reports, budget reports, performance report, order information report and the business opportunity report. Differences between Managerial and Financial Accounting Given the fact that one of the duties of a manager is to plan; then it stipulates that management accounting has a solid emphasis on the future. On the other hand, financial accounting fundamentally gives summaries of the previous financial transactions. The summaries might be very important in the planning process, but only to a particular point. In this perspective, the future might not be a replication of the transactions that took place previously. Modifications are regularly taking place in the fiscal conditions thus the modifications call for planning which is based to a large extent on estimates of the transa ctions that will take place as opposed to the summaries of the transactions that have already taken place (Needles, Powers & Crosson, 2010). Financial accounting information is always anticipated to b verifiable and objective. Nonetheless, for internal purpose the manager demands data that is significant even if it is not totally verifiable or objective. By virtue of relevance, it implies that appropriate for the challenge at hand. For instance, it is hard to ascertain that estimated volume of sales for a proposed expansion of business into the foreign country but this is precisely the kind of data that is prevalently useful to managers in the process of decision making. On the other hand management accounting information system must be adequately elastic to give any kind of information that is appropriate for any specific decision (Teale, 2003). Managerial Reports and Usefulness in Decision Making There are various managerial reports which are used in making important decisions in business. Such reports comprise of cost reports, Performance reports, budget reports, business opportunity reports and order reports. These types of reports have various uses in decision making process. Cost Reports Management accounting makes calculations of the cost of goods and services being produced. This is possible through accumulation of costs of raw products, costs of overheads, labor costs and any other extra costs that might be put into consideration. The entire costs are then divided by the quantity of the products produced where the information is put into a cost report. Cost reports are significant methods for firms to adapt or learn which areas of a business are potentially profitable and areas that costs more money. When cost reports are made prior to the beginning of a project, they give an efficient estimate of the likely cost of a project thus allowing the manager to plan and estimate the profit margin. Whenever the cost reports are made after the project has been finalized one can get a better insight of the maximum costs and the profit expected from the project. Use of the Report This type of report gives the managers the ability to see the constituent cost prices of products against the selling prices thus enabling them to determine the profit margin. Efficient cost reports gives quality information to enable managers see the significance

Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literature - Essay Example But when the stories of Oedipus and Othello are examined, we see that though both had defective understanding, their lack of insight lay in different circumstances and character traits. When faced with the scourge of plague, the Chorus in Oedipus Rex reacts with trepidation and indecisiveness: "My fearful heart twists on the rack and shakes with fear./ O Delian healer, for whom we cry aloud/ in holy awe, what obligation/ will you demand from me, a thing unknown/ or now renewed with the revolving years/ Immortal voice, O child of golden Hope, speak to me"! (Sophocles,185-191) But Oedipus is decisive and brave, and decides that he would find a solution for the crisis, and takes it upon himself to solve the whole problem almost single-handedly: " I will begin again; I'll find the truth./The dead man's cause has found a true defender/In Phoebus, and in you. And I will join you/ In seeking vengeance on behalf of Thebes/And Phoebus too; indeed, I must: if I/Remove this taint, it is not for a stranger,/ But for myself:...". (Sophocles,131,137)We see here the number of times the term "I" figures in this verse, and can measure the brash self-confidence of this King. And in this blind self-belief, Oedipus places a curse on the murderer, and though he spells out very closely the possibility that it might be someone from his own household, he makes an open declaration nevertheless: "I lay this curse upon him, that the wretch/In wretchedness and misery may live./And more: if with my knowledge he be found/ To share my hearth and home, then upon me/ Descend that doom that I invoke on him". (Sophocles, 248-252). He thus aggravates his future distress by laying the curse so stridently in public, not acknowledging to himself that he himself may be the murderer he is searching for. To any other person, the similarity of the old prediction about his own fate and the way this murderer is supposed to have acted, would have rung a bell. By now the situation is beyond remedy, of course, because he has unknowingly fulfilled the prophecy, and merely lacks the insight to see it. And at the moment he sees the truth, he blinds himself, quite literally. His uncertain vision lies in the fact that on one hand he heeds the voice of the Gods when they tell him about the plague, but not the one when he hears the dire prediction about himself, in his youth. One wonders what would have happened if Oedipus had not run from those he thought to be his parents, thus trying to avoid the prediction, or stayed his hand at murdering someone over a trifling dispute, or not married an older woman. In avoiding the prediction and not paying heed to it, he made it true, blind self-belief causes his uncertain vision. Shakespeare's Othello on the other hand is trusting, straight and impulsive, which causes his natural judgment to fail in his personal life. As Bradley puts it in extremely specific terms: "Othello's mind, for all its poetry, is very simple. He is not observant. His nature tends outward. He is quite free from introspection, and is not given to reflection. Emotion excites his imagination, but it confuses and dulls his intellect...... His trust, where he trusts, is absolute. Hesitation is almost impossible to him. He is extremely self-reliant, and decides and acts instantaneously. If stirred to indignation, as 'in Aleppo once,' he answers with one lightning stroke. Love, if he loves, must be to him the heaven where

Personality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Personality - Essay Example Several other researches have been conducted by other psychologists that reveal that the big five personality traits indeed impact greatly on the performance of individuals; whether academically or at the place of work. This paper will describe the Big Five personality traits and examine how these traits might contribute positively to the performance of an individual. Buchanan (1998) notes that extraverts are individuals who are outgoing, enthusiastic, sociable, and very confident of themselves. They are also action-oriented and approach the material and social world with a lot of energy. Research also indicates that they prefer being with others because they are very talkative. This kind of trait can indeed contribute positively to the performance of such persons in a various ways. Firstly, it builds strong interpersonal relationships, which is good for an individual’s performance at the workplace. This is because it makes an individual fit in groups easily thereby improving their performance. Littlepage et al. (1995) noted that extraverts participate better in teamwork compared to their introverted counterparts. Another study by Thoms, Moore, and Scot (1996) revealed that extraverts exhibit positive attitudes toward working as a team. This makes them able to accomplish their assigned tasks by engaging others in-group work. They are also said to make good leaders since they are able to rally the group toward achieving set objectives. In addition, they are very creative thereby improving their performance. Conscientiousness pertains to how people regulate, direct, or control impulse. Conscientious people are said to be very responsible, hard working, ambitious, and thorough in whatever they do. This trait can also impact positively on a person’s performance. This is because they are more likely to complete their work easily because

Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literature - Essay Example But when the stories of Oedipus and Othello are examined, we see that though both had defective understanding, their lack of insight lay in different circumstances and character traits. When faced with the scourge of plague, the Chorus in Oedipus Rex reacts with trepidation and indecisiveness: "My fearful heart twists on the rack and shakes with fear./ O Delian healer, for whom we cry aloud/ in holy awe, what obligation/ will you demand from me, a thing unknown/ or now renewed with the revolving years/ Immortal voice, O child of golden Hope, speak to me"! (Sophocles,185-191) But Oedipus is decisive and brave, and decides that he would find a solution for the crisis, and takes it upon himself to solve the whole problem almost single-handedly: " I will begin again; I'll find the truth./The dead man's cause has found a true defender/In Phoebus, and in you. And I will join you/ In seeking vengeance on behalf of Thebes/And Phoebus too; indeed, I must: if I/Remove this taint, it is not for a stranger,/ But for myself:...". (Sophocles,131,137)We see here the number of times the term "I" figures in this verse, and can measure the brash self-confidence of this King. And in this blind self-belief, Oedipus places a curse on the murderer, and though he spells out very closely the possibility that it might be someone from his own household, he makes an open declaration nevertheless: "I lay this curse upon him, that the wretch/In wretchedness and misery may live./And more: if with my knowledge he be found/ To share my hearth and home, then upon me/ Descend that doom that I invoke on him". (Sophocles, 248-252). He thus aggravates his future distress by laying the curse so stridently in public, not acknowledging to himself that he himself may be the murderer he is searching for. To any other person, the similarity of the old prediction about his own fate and the way this murderer is supposed to have acted, would have rung a bell. By now the situation is beyond remedy, of course, because he has unknowingly fulfilled the prophecy, and merely lacks the insight to see it. And at the moment he sees the truth, he blinds himself, quite literally. His uncertain vision lies in the fact that on one hand he heeds the voice of the Gods when they tell him about the plague, but not the one when he hears the dire prediction about himself, in his youth. One wonders what would have happened if Oedipus had not run from those he thought to be his parents, thus trying to avoid the prediction, or stayed his hand at murdering someone over a trifling dispute, or not married an older woman. In avoiding the prediction and not paying heed to it, he made it true, blind self-belief causes his uncertain vision. Shakespeare's Othello on the other hand is trusting, straight and impulsive, which causes his natural judgment to fail in his personal life. As Bradley puts it in extremely specific terms: "Othello's mind, for all its poetry, is very simple. He is not observant. His nature tends outward. He is quite free from introspection, and is not given to reflection. Emotion excites his imagination, but it confuses and dulls his intellect...... His trust, where he trusts, is absolute. Hesitation is almost impossible to him. He is extremely self-reliant, and decides and acts instantaneously. If stirred to indignation, as 'in Aleppo once,' he answers with one lightning stroke. Love, if he loves, must be to him the heaven where

New Military Interrogation Rules Essay Example for Free

New Military Interrogation Rules Essay The film â€Å"In the Name of the Father† had been based on occurrences that occur even in real life. The film gave us a close look on how our justice system could be manipulated in order to suit the wishes of certain people. The film showed innocent people being convicted and accused of the crimes they have done. The fact that those guilty of the crimes confessed their wrongdoings did not hinder the police from punishing the innocent people. The film showed how unfair the British system of Justice is. It showed how the police made use of their positions in order to justify their brutality. They have even made it a point to use brutality in order to make innocent people confess of the crimes they have not made just as can be seen on one part of the movie wherein Gerry had been beaten by the police in order to write a false confession of the sin he did not make. Another annoying part on the movie had been the fact that his father had been charged as an accomplice and thus he had also been taken into prison where he died. The very fact that his innocent father had been made into a criminal and had died in prison grilled Gerry a lot and thus he did everything in his power in order to clear his father name as well as his own, thus the title â€Å"In the Name of the Father†. Denying their prisoners food, and beating them into pulps can be seen on most part of the movie and the police did not stop their brutality until the prisoners confessed for the sins they have done. Dogs are treated in better ways than the prisoner had been treated by the police in the movie. The things the police did goes against the principle of what justice ought to be like. In fact, the brutality did not even ceased when the real crime offender admitted his sin. The police covered the happenings for such a long time until a lawyer came and meddled with their affairs. Of course, the unfairness of the justice system is not as bad as it used to but it does not necessarily mean that the unfairness of the justice system is no longer present on our society as of today. Being forced to sign a false admission by using police brutality as well as involving the suspect’s family on his hardship is still happening today. I mean there are those who are condemned as criminals and their family suffers almost the same level of torture the suspect’s suffer simply because they are related to the suspect. There are even times that even those people close to you are also accused of as accomplice even though the police do not have any sufficient evidences. Often times, we are deceived into thinking that those who are in power is doing things for the common good without realizing the fact that they have been doing things to ensure no one’s good but their own. There are certain rules on the interrogation tactics that are legal to use nowadays but it does not stop some people from abusing their power and still going on with the interrogation tactics being prohibited by the law. We should bear in mind that some interrogation tactics are not allowed nowadays. However, they still happen. There are many cases being reported about police brutality which necessitates improvement however, no such improvements ever happen because police brutality is still very common up to this point in time. The subjects of these abuses are mostly poor people because they do not have the means necessary to demand for justice and thus their voices are seldom heard. Innocent people are being convicted of crimes which they know nothing about. All of us should acknowledge the fact that certain interrogation tactics are banned by the government because they are unjust and it goes against the principle of human rights. Kantian ethics would tell us that each human ought to be treated with respect and not simply as a means to an end. Even using its anti thesis, utilitarianism, police brutalities would still not be justified since it goes against the principle of greatest good for the greatest number of people since only those who hold power could benefit from the rotten way the government works and thus it could lead to the disturbance of the peace within a society. However, these does not stop some people in power from disobeying the law and this could go on forever unless the citizenry decides to do something about it. Reference: CBS News. (2004). New Military Interrogation Rules [Electronic Version]. Use Of Aggressive Tactics Barred; 300 Iraqis Released From Abu Ghraib. Retrieved May 21, 2007 from http://www. cbsnews. com/stories/2004/05/15/iraq/main617654. shtml. Sheridan, J. , George, T. (Writer) (1993). In the Name of the Father. In L. OConnor, G. Byrne T. George (Producer).