Race and Ethnicity Essay

expedite in America is one of those routs that scholars r arly induct and atomic number 18 heavily criticized for these omissions by their constituents. For this designer, the subject of step on it and urbanization felt a proper choice for this final paper. Following, we ordain incorporate data from multiple sources including Khaled Hosseinis The Kite Runner, a novel that examines the plough trials of different congregations in Afghanistan and what happens to the ones lucky nice to escape the violence of their home lend into the asylum net of American soil in an attempt to show the inalienable pack-to doe with amidst step on it and urbanization.This discussion on urbanization and race in American leave also include a brief discussion on gradeism. Classism is a part of the structural organization of smart set that can be careful as part of the contributing factors to the socioeconomic divisiveness see in this urbanized founding. Some beseech that gentrification, in all of its wonders is class establish. Others designate it more a matter of mixerity and race, some(prenominal) may be correct. Nevertheless, the issue of race, as aforementioned should be granted a closer look.By examining the ideas and sleep togethers of anthropologists and sociologists past and afford this paper will attempt to inform on how classism, racism, and urbanization are connected. suppuration Cities and Ghettos The Industrial rotation sparked an enormous quake of migrants and immigrants into American cities creating an urban ecology. Chapter 3 of the Giddens et. al. text, describes the loving movement from Gemeinschaft to Gesellschaft from a connection ground ideology in society to a more individualized world. Afghanistan is an agriculturally based society.urbanisation is a spheric process that draws quite a critical a mood from rural areas and into the cities. Once in those cities, people tend to gravitate to areas that are inhabited by people of thei r equivalent cultural fabric. In discussing theories of urbanization, gentrification and displacement, John Bentacur (2010) in Gentrification and Community Fabric in cabbage points out how people are drawn to areas that strike a cultural/ social connectivity, immigrants with different characteristics compete for space until they stick approximately accommodated with alike others in locations that correspond to their rivalrous strengths (p 384).In the novel, The Kite Runner, Amir and his draw make the arduous migration from Kabul, Afghanistan to Fremont, California. Their low income propinquity of Fremont is ethnically diverse but with a historied concentration of Afghani residents. It makes disposition that when people leave their countries of origin to lessen in a new place, they will be drawn to people and areas that are familiar to them. Even with familiarity problems arise, urban studies bring on several difficulties that plague densely prevail urban neighborhoods poverty, crime and dilapidated conditions to phone a few.In Afghanistan Baba, Amirs father, was rich and even wielded some slip for being a respected championship man and serving the community by creating an orphanage that would later be destruct by the Taliban regime. In America, there would be no such accolades to speak of for their family. In fact, they would live in a figure of poverty, they had never experienced nor hardly imagined. They would experience the existence that many black Americans mettle with no end in sight.A growing world race combine with globalization and the heightened mobility that comes with it has led to the creation of cities and a scramble for affordable housing. Gentrification also cognise as urban regeneration or re-urbanization is the process that happens in a community when it becomes urbanized and consists of the mettlesomeer income families moving into humiliate income areas. During this process demographic changes are notable in Americ a, gentrification is notably marked by blank families moving into black neighborhoods. bunk and Ethnicity America is a multicultural nation.Our business relationship of slavery growd the black and white groups and the immigrant populations from around the world contributes to a high assortment of culture and ethnic background. The macro-sociological issue of race and ethnicity has been the source of much debate and discussion. The reason for this is that the issue of race has been the root cause of social and political turmoil. Douglas Massey and Nancy Denton provide the setting in history when segregation by race was created in America in their book American Apartheid separationism and the devising of the Underclass.Massey and Denton edify that racial segregation was not al ways a fact of flavour in American society and that in fact blacks and whites lived in close proximity to each other, albeit in the alley ways of the big homes occupied by their white neighbors, indus trialization in the north unleashed a set of social, economic and technological changes that dramatically altered the urban environment in ways that promoted segregation between social groups (199319-26).urbanization and technological advancement (causing blacks in the south to migrate to northern cities by the tens of thousands) would be the foundation for residential segregation where blacks and other minorities would be relegated to the outskirts of town. disconsolate ghettos would preserve isolated from society in a manner that was rarely, experienced by the European immigrants that came to this country during industrialization.Blacks and later, Latinos, would be destined to live isolated and neglected from social organizations and disadvantaged from many of the benefits enjoyed by white communities with little hope of escape, not only was the segregation of European ethnic groups lower, it was also temporary. Whereas Europeans isolation indices began to drop shortly after 1 920, the spatial isolation characteristics of blacks had become a standing(prenominal) feature of the residential structure of capacious American cities by 1940 (Massey and Denton 199357).In America, race and ethnicity is more clearly defined than in places like Afghanistan. According to data garner from the PBS News Hour website, Afghanistan has ix different ethnic groups that reside in different territories of the country. They have fought and continue to support civil wars, over culture (religion), legislative power and territory. Afghanistan and the U. S. are similar in their historical oppression of one ethnic group over another. In Afghanistan, the Pashtun/Sunni have for a long time govern the land and claimed dominion over the Hazara/Shites.The Hazara group can be considered the equivalent to the Black demographic in America where historically they were the slave class, but are shortly represented in government. Statistics In a rapidly modernizing world, Afghanistan is a mong the severely underdeveloped countries of the put East. As previously mentioned, Afghanistan is a multi-ethnic/multifaith, agriculturally based democracy, with a history of violence. And it perhaps it is this history, in addition to deep ghostlike belief systems that have kept this land from joining the rest of the modern world.In reviewing the Millennium cultivation Goals indicants, data cool by the joined Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), I reviewed several indicators that point to the fact that Afghanistan has a long road ahead. Afghanistan is making fall but sure progress attempt to bring itself into a socially, politically and economically stable place. The first indicator measured the number of boney children less than 59 months. The UNSD defines this indicator as a high number of moderately to severely underweight children, whose weights for age are less than deuce standard deviations.According to the report a healthy population will have 2. 3 share of their c hildren in this category. In 2004, 32. 9 percent of Afghanistans children were reportedly underweight, compared to 44. 9 percent in 1997. This indicator points to the poverty level and lack of victuals recorded within a septenary year period in Afghanistan. A second indicator measures womens rights and histrionics in government. This indicator is defined as, the contribution of seats held by women in subject field parliament increased from 3. 7 percent in 1990 to 27.3 percent in 2006. The measurement was sustained through 2012 at 27. 7 percent. More work needs to be done and educating the population should be the place to start. Theological Link The modernisation guess discussed in the text looks to condone the underdevelopment of countries like Afghanistan. Marx worried about capitalist economy and the effects it had on the lower-class population and thereby, the democratic process. Marxs engagement Theory dictates that societies are ruled by a small group of elite that cre ate social order for the larger population.In this, we have the creation of divisions by class (division of labor), a central topic of discourse since the beginning of industrialized times. The French Revolution of 1787 (also known as the revolt of the conservative or middle-class society) creating capitalism and thereby usurping government power from monarchs. Karl Marx hated democracy. democracy is the road to socialism (Karl Marx) Capitalism created tensions between the working and bourgeois classes. Summary Race and urbanization are indivisibly linked. Marxism and Class Conflict is the closely applicable theory of like a shots society.Considering the current events and status of world order, it is undeniable capitalism continues to be the most powerful ideology in the world. The United States is a powerful country and the way it retains power is by unwaveringly maintaining laissez-faire(prenominal) ideology and participating in global conflict around the world in defense o f this ideology, power, ideology, and conflict are perpetually closely connected (Giddens 201220). Societies are based on trust and these trusts are unordered by the people that create and aid unjust rules for the population of color and the poor. works Cited.Betancur, John. 2010. Gentrification and community fabric in Chicago. Urban Studies Journal Foundation. Sage 48(2) 383 407. Retrieved from http//usj. sagepub. com/content/48/2/383 Giddens, Anthony, Mitchell Duneier, Richard P. Applebaum and Deborah Carr. 2012. Introduction to sociology. New York W. W. Norton and Company. ordinal ed. , pp. 15-78. Massey, Douglas and Nancy A. Denton. 1993. The construction of the ghetto. Pp 17-59 in American Apartheid Segregation and the Making for the Underclass. Harvard University Press.Retrieved from http//ereserve. baruch. cuny. edu.remote. baruch. cuny. edu/eres/coursepage. aspx? cid=3155&page=docs United Nations Statistics Division. (1991-2011) Table data on Gender Parity propone nt in Primary Enrollment retrieved November 5, 2012. Millenium Development Goals Indicators. Retrieved from http//mdgs. un. org/unsd/mdg/Metadata. aspx? IndicatorId=0&SeriesId=559 United Nations Statistics Division. (1991-2011) Table Data on Gender Parity Index in Primary Enrollment retrieved November 5, 2012. Millenium Development Goals Indicators. Retrieved from http//mdgs. un. org/unsd/mdg/Metadata. aspx? IndicatorId=0&SeriesId=557.