African American Humanities - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1410 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Literature Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Topics: Africa Essay America Essay Influence Essay Did you like this example? African American Humanities Introduction American literature drew much of its influence from their culture and history. For instance, the African American literature that is, short stories, poems and novels talk much about the Africans Americans’ culture, social inequality, slavery, racism, their sufferings and frustrations. These themes were incorporated through oral forms like rap, blues, gospel music, spirituals, or sermons. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "African American Humanities" essay for you Create order There were efforts by the Western world to rid off African Americans of the brutal sufferings they faced through slavery, racism, and pogroms. The African Americans were subjected to alienation, disesteem, and rejection to ensure that they never reached to the knowledge of their identity. It is through this paradoxical status of the African Americans that the African American writers, for instance James Baldwin, Ralph Ellison, Langston Hughes, Richard Wright, and among others, were in a position to forge their identity based on the travails and the torments they experienced.   W Du Bois once stated that African American literature was part of their campaign for political emancipation (Thornton, 734). Jazz music, for instance, emanated from the tunes composed during this time as they celebrated their hard labor. It was the only time they could celebrate and enjoy since they lived in difficult times of slavery. After the abolition of slavery, jazz music developed from these e arly tunes and constituted the message of difficult times they experienced during slavery. Another problem that dominated the African Americans was the racial prejudice. It is the attempt of advocating for equal rights and abolition of racial discrimination that African-American writers developed their themes around. The African American literary works like the songs and poems have powerful imagery, sublime themes and special vocabulary that is attributed to the significant contribution to the world culture. The double-consciousness of the African Americans prompted the African American writers to discover their true self through various ways. For instance, James Baldwin escaped to Europe just to discover his self that could not be realized in America due to the existing social conditions that subordinated self-determination of the African-Americans. The Negroes encountered difficulties in identifying their ethnicity and cultural orientation because they belong to two races. The rejection of the â€Å"racial uplift† during the Harlem Renaissance by the African American writers like Zora Neale Hurston, Jean Toomer, and Claude McKay led to the celebration of the African Americans’ color and vividness through cultural essays, poetry, and drama in the African-American fiction (Thornton, 736). What are some of the ways that African American historical experience is reflected in the works of poems, short stories, and novels? The historical experience of African-American is reflected in the African American performance in poems, short stories, and novels. The performances helped the African Americans to have a clear understanding of both their past and present through reconstructing and perpetuating their experiences of a mythic past. The performances were carried out in ritualistic and historic continuum. According to Gale (11), rituals, pure celebration, educating the audience on the meaning of the stories formed part of the performance of th e story telling, and creation of the story telling stage. This was represented in the story telling performance as a black church. The juxtaposition of the acts and voices in terms of response and call in the storytelling performance is said to connect with â€Å"a continuum of African to African-American performance† (Gale 11). The African-American literature used the oral traditions, religion, theatre, and folkways to illustrate the transition of the â€Å"African sacred to secular performance† (Gale 12). This was reflected in the storytelling performance through weaving or collage of story in efforts to relay meaning and recognition. The use of specific symbolic patterns of words and actions in the story telling performance exemplifies the recording and telling the history of African Americans, and acknowledging and coping with their present worldview of duality for cultural survival. The African American literature is characterized by creation and sharing of var ious forms of art like the folklore, autobiography, and spirituals and blues. The literature exemplifies the African cultural philosophy that is rich in symbolic acts and texts, as well as its own grammatical, ordinal, and ritual structure. Gale (12) that symbol systems of Africa were evident in black performances during events like Southern burial markers and religion, Pinkster, in carnivals, indicate it in the linguistic dozens, in the religious witness, susus, and secret orders, and jubilees. The symbols in the African-American literature encoded a circular philosophy of life, correlative conception of divinity, and community creativity. The symbols also encoded conception of the empowering and ordering force of rituals. The memories of the old world were brought into the new world through the performance of pan-African poetics. Why were African American poets drawn to musical models such as jazz and blues as a source of inspiration in their writing? The African American po ets collaborated with musicians as well as composers in the creation of choral works, tone poems, opera, jazz, and other forms of songs. Te reasons behind the connection of jazz and poetry can be explained in terms of seeking connection between the values in the jazz lyrics and the definitions in the traditional poetry. A number of people rate songs in terms of its lyrics, that is, poetry. The creation of the song, â€Å"Strange Fruit† by Billy Holiday, was derived from Lewis Allen’s original poetic work. According to Hayden Carruth, who is a poet, indicates that poetry and jazz connection is a twentieth century spontaneous improvisation of personal and conventional determined style. He states that Jazz is a random, open-ended, indeterminate and improvised poem. It is also important to note that the twentieth African American poets collaborated with musical models such as jazz because Jazz is significant in the American culture through its influence in the poetic dictions. Musical models also set the mood for the poetic themes. Poetry is embedded in musical lyrics. This connection of jazz and music originated from the church services that were conducted by plantation blacks. The electric nature of Jazz talk inspired the writing of the African American poets because the jazz was â€Å"highly electric† and combined well with jargons of prostitution, gambling, dance, music, gambling, and larceny. The incorporation of jazz and blues as an inspiration for the writings by African American literary works was because these forms of music reflected the spirit of complicated experience of the Negroes, the African spirit (Benston 339). How did Amiri Baraka and Ralph Ellison use elements from jazz and blues as a base for their literary styles? Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones) used elements of jazz music in the recording of a number of his poems. An example of Amiri Baraka’s poetic jazz combination was the infamous â€Å"Black Dada Nihili smus† that was described to be didactic, apocalyptic, and brutal work of the 1965. Amiri Baraka’s literary work was characterized by overwhelming rhythms, strong imagistic sense, and sophisticated hard message. Amiri Baraka indicated that the poetry was a form of music (Wallenstein 613). Ralph Ellison in his literary works incorporated Euro-American structures, the blues, the chanted sermon, the folktale and other vernacular forms. The backbone of the literary works by Ellison and Baraka was the collaboration with black music, especially, the blues to bring about the Afro-American cultural matrix. The African spirit in the blues prompted them to use jazz and blues as a basis for their literary styles (Benston, 339). How were the political changes taking place in the 1960s and 1970s reflected in the poetry of the Black Panther Party? The political changes of the 1960s and 1970s were reflected in the poetry of the Black Panther Party because the literary works were inspired by revolution concept. The poetry was tailored towards the themes of redefinition, war and rage influenced by Malcolm X. The African-American poetry of the 1960s insulted, and sought for compensation of the historical injustices that meted on them by the whites. The poems were constructed in free verse, to create a difference between the Whites and Negros. The Black Panther poetry served as an educational entertainment art in print, on stage, as well as in the community (Jennings 110). References Gale, Jackson. â€Å"The Way We do: A Preliminary Investigation of the African Roots of African-American Performance.† Black American Literature Forum, 25.1 (Spring, 1991): 11-22 Jennings, Regina. â€Å"Poetry of the Black Panther Party: Metaphors of Militancy.† Journal of Black Studies, 29.1 (Sep., 1998): 106-129. Thornton, Jerome E. â€Å"The Paradoxical Journey of the African American in African American Fiction.† New Literary History, 21.3 (Spring, 1990): 733-745. Wallenstein, Barry. â€Å"Poetry and Jazz: A Twentieth-Century Wedding.† Black American Literature Forum, 25.3 (Autumn,1991): 595-620

The Grand Budapest Hotel By Wes Anderson - 1204 Words

After I watched the Wes Anderson’s The Grand Budapest Hotel, I was surely struck with splendid mise en scene of this movie. In this year’s Oscar ceremony, Wes Anderson’s movie, The Grand Budapest Hotel just got three awards: the best art, the best costume and the best make up. Honestly, this fact lured me into watching the movie, The Grand Budapest. Since I expected a beautiful art work through this movie, I could easily fall into this pastel-colored movie as soon as I started watching the movie, The Grand Budapest, and I could realize that this movie must be one of the best movies in my life according to several reasons. In fact, the plot of this movie was kind of simple story to me. Even though the plot was uncomplicated, the story of this movie was actually enough to attract audience’s mind in not long running time. The movie, The Grand Budapest Hotel starts with the young writer’s novel, The Grand Budapest Hotel. A young writer meets the owner of the grand Budapest hotel, whose name is Moustafa or Zero, in grand Budapest hotel by accident. After they meet, the owner invites a young writer for dinner in order to tell how the owner could get the big hotel. Once the owner starts speaking about his anecdote relating to the grand Budapest hotel, the movie leads us to the flashback scenes so that the real story of the movie can start. In 1927, one day when world war was still beginning, one of the customers of grand Budapest hotel, who is the richest woman in the world, and isShow MoreRelatedThe Grand Budapest Hotel By Wes Anderson1233 Words   |  5 Pagesreleased around the world. One f ilm, not often heard of by young adults, is The Grand Budapest Hotel. Directed by Wes Anderson, this delightful film was released â€Å"March 28, 2014, in the United States of America† (IMDB). The film, collaboratively written by Wes Anderson, and Hugo Guinness, was inspired by the writings of Stefan Zweig, and produced by Fox Searchlight Pictures and Indian Paintbrush. The Grand Budapest Hotel, addresses the shallowness of life while delighting its audience with colorfulRead MoreThe Grand Budapest Hotel ( Wes Anderson1543 Words   |  7 Pages The Grand Budapest Hotel (Wes Anderson, 2014) is a story about story as told by a storyteller. It builds these stories around quirky visual aesthetics, so much so, that some may complain it lacks any real message or meaning. And to some extent they are right, if we are to believe its director Wes Anderson: â€Å"when I do a movie, all I want to do is make an experience that can be as strong a version of whatever it is as it can be. 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Considered a film masterpiece not only for its use of thoughtful comedy but also for the way in which the film was enhanced through the use of camera angles. â€Å"Love and death, romance and horror, comedy and tragedy duel to an elegant draw in Wes Anderson’s rich torte of a movie†, as stated by Richard Corliss from Time Magazine. The constant use of straight angles gives the film an unmistakablyRead MoreAnalysis Of Wes Anderson s The Grand Budapest Hotel 1872 Words   |  8 PagesEnglish 3.9 Texas-born director, Wes Anderson began his career in 1996, producing films with a distinctive style and techniques that are eccentric and attentive to detail. Anderson generally directs fast- paced, adventurous comedies, which involve serious elements or key ideas such as grief, ‘children are more adult than adults’, broken relationships and family issues. Geometric concepts and framing, colour schemes, quirky characters, and specific camera movements accompany and help to develop themesRead MoreWes Anderson Analysis Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesWes Anderson is an American film director and screenwriter, whose films are commonly known for their visual and distinctive narrative style. All of his films have been recognised for their extensive use of flat space camera moves, obsessively symmetrical compositions, recurring actors, snap-zooms, slow-motion walking shots, a deliberately limited color palette and hand-made art direction often utilizing miniatures. He uses al l these features to define his artistic style as an auteur. Anderson, asRead MoreCritical Thinking Of The Grand Budapest Hotel1102 Words   |  5 PagesDoug Weinriech Professor Tumminello The Art of Theatrical Cinema March 12, 2016 Critical thinking of The Grand Budapest Hotel and American Beauty The Grand Budapest Hotel is one of the most spectacular films of the 21st century. The movie is interesting and beautifully shot comedy directed by Wes Anderson. The Grand Budapest Hotel consists of a prologue, five parts, and an epilogue. The film features many successful actors, but the main story revolves around an interesting narration of Zero MoustafaRead MoreThe Grand Budapest Hotel, By F. Murray Abraham1778 Words   |  8 PagesWes Anderson has truly outdone himself with his 100 minute long masterpiece The Grand Budapest Hotel. The film, set around the 1930 s, depicts an epic adventure filled with eye-catching aesthetics, extravagant characters, deadpan humour and witty dialogue in a dollhouse-like world. The director’s precise measurements of drama, deadpan comedy and engaging narrative paired with the mesmerising voice overs of Jude Law, as The Author, and F. Murray Abraham, as the older Zero Moustafa, make for a wonderfullyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Grand Budapest Ho tel 1802 Words   |  8 Pages12/3/15 The Grand Budapest Hotel To give a proper analysis of The Grand Budapest Hotel, it is necessary to understand the several layers through which the story is told. The film begins with a monologue from the narrator (presumably in the present day) describing to the audience what it is to be a storyteller. He then proceeds to give an exact account of how he, a writer, came to meet and have dinner with an old gentleman named Zero Mustafa when he was staying at Grand Budapest during its declineRead MoreAnalysis Of The Grand Budapest Hotel 2195 Words   |  9 Pageswhose work is considered to have a distinctive style and innovative. Wes Anderson exemplifies the concept of auteurism due to his personal influence, and artistic control in his movies. His films feature a continuity of technical aspects with similar themes of familial drama and disgruntlement. From his well-composed mise en scene to classic pan shots, his style has surely become an acclaimed signature. The Grand Budapest Hotel, The Darjeeling Limited, and The Royal Tenenbaums are chosen from Anderson’s

What is Forensic Psychology - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2581 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/08/05 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Tags: Forensic Psychology Essay Did you like this example? Forensic psychology is a newer branch of psychology that is often times misconceived due to its portrayal in the media. A forensic psychologists role has many distinctions from other branches of psychology and is much more demanding than most may believe. The American Psychological Association depicts forensic psychology as the application of clinical specialties to the legal arena (Ward). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What is Forensic Psychology?" essay for you Create order The profession requires that forensic psychologists become familiar with all psychological concepts, the criminal justice system, and the laws applicable to that particular state. A simplified description of forensic psychology is the merger of law and psychology (Forensic Psychology Careers). Before pursuing a career as a forensic psychologist, one must consider many factors about the field. There are several topics that will be covered in the document, beginning with the education requirements that individuals must meet before they can become licensed. Then, dependent upon ones interest, there is a selection of settings that one can choose to work in. Concepts such as salary and job outlook will also be discussed as well as the misconceptions of the role of a forensic psychologist. All of these components are important to consider when deciding whether or not this is an acceptable profession. While conducting research on this topic, an interview was conducted withDr. Louis Cerbo is a forensic psychologist working as the Clinical Director for the State of Rhode Island Department of Corrections. He is also an adjunct professor at Roger Williams University in the Psychology Department. His personal experience and expertise will be mentioned throughout this document. Dr. Cerbo, he explained that he decided to go into a career in forensic psychology because he had degrees in psychology and also had an interest in law, so he believed this would be a good career for him because it brought his two passions together. Data Section Education Requirements There are many careers that individuals can pursue with a forensic psychology degree, but they can be limited depending on the level of the degree. The figure below, shows the possible careers for a forensic psychology degree at that particular level. Bachelors Degree Victim Advocate Court Liaison Law Enforcement Officer Probation Officer Masters Degree Jury Consultant Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor Juvenile Offenders Counselor Research Assistant Doctorate Degrees Forensic Psychologist Expert Witness Psychology Professor/Instructor Psychology Researcher Figure 1: Careers with a Forensic Psychology Degree Data from: What Can I Do This document will focus specifically on a career as a forensic psychologist; however, there are a multitude of careers that someone can have with a degree in forensic psychology. Those with undergraduate degrees in forensic psychology are the most confined because they are not qualified to provide certain services. Despite not being eligible for particular roles, these careers are still important within the criminal justice system. Those who decide to obtain a masters degree in forensic psychology are still not qualified to be licensed as a psychologist, but they would still be working directly with victims and offenders. Individuals who decide to complete a doctoral degree are eligible to receive a psychologist license. Having this degree along with the proper training hours, allows a person to perform examinations on clients in addition to providing treatment for them. There are more options in the field for people who have a doctoral degree in forensic psychology and among those choices, the most common would be a forensic psychologist (What Can I Do). In order to be a qualified as a forensic psychologist, one must have a doctoral degree recognized by the American Psychological Association (Ward). A doctoral degree in psychology can be a PsyD or PhD degree, which both provide the ability to be accepted as a licensed psychologist. These degrees vary, so it is important for individuals to understand the differences between them because it can have an impact on the education one receives and the type of internship work they experience (What Can I Do). There are less PsyD programs offered, but they accept more into their programs. They have become more popular recently, because they give students the ability to graduate earlier than students in PhD programs. PsyD programs focus on using the skills and knowledge gained in their work to apply to practice whereas, PhD programs have an emphasis on research over practice (Pomerantz, p.14). When Dr. Cerbo decided he wanted to become a forensic psychologist he had to decide on his educational track. He already had his undergraduate degree as well as two masters degrees, one in clinical psychology and the other in personality and social psychology. His next decision was to decide if he wanted to pursue a PhD or PsyD degree. He applied to both programs; however, he chose a PhD program ultimately because there were few PsyD programs at the time. This was taking place during the 1980s and he was unsure of the future of a PsyD degree since some states would not license those with PsyD degrees. Another potential problem would have been that with a PsyD degree it would be hard to get internships, which could result in lack of training. Dr. Cerbo explains that PsyD programs today, are now much more accepted than they previously had been. Despite the fact that both programs recognized equally in todays society, he still would have chosen a PhD degree because he wanted more of a r esearch background. Figure 2: Education Track Source: www.eLearners.com The visual above shows an overview of the path it takes to become a forensic psychologist. The track begins with four years of undergraduate education to complete a bachelors degree, typically focused on psychology, criminology, and forensics (Forensic Psychology Careers). The next step can differ for individuals because some may choose to earn a masters degree; however, it is not required and will add another two years to their educational track. The final step is completing a doctoral degree which has an average of three to seven years (How To Become a Psychologist). While in school for a doctorate, an individual must complete one year of a predoctoral internship certified by the American Psychological Association and then have an additional year of experience in the field. Throughout this process, students will learn clinical skills that will assist them in their work. Having clinical skills in clinical assessment, interviewing, report writing, strong verbal communication skills a nd case presentation will play an important role in becoming a successful forensic psychologist (Ward). Depending on the state, there may also be additional requirements to complete. Once all of the requirements are met, the aspiring forensic psychologist must pass the state exam in the state they would like to practice in, in order to get their state license to practice. Then they must take the national exam known as the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology. Once the exams are passed, they are eligible to begin their career as a practicing forensic psychologist (Careers in Forensic Psychology). Work Environments After years of coursework and training, a forensic psychologist has to decide on the work environment they would like to work in. Forensic psychologists have a variety of locations they can work in such as police stations, courthouses, law firms, prisons, jails, and juvenile detention centers (Forensic Psychology Careers). Having an array of settings to work in is an attractive aspect to the field of forensic psychology because individuals can choose many different career paths with their degree. On a large scale, the most common work environments for forensic psychologists to have are careers in law enforcement, clinical, or research and teaching (Forensic Psychology Careers and Job Outlook). Forensic psychologists that choose to work in law enforcement can work in small departments such as local or state where they could be hired as consultants to select, train, and evaluate police officers (Employment Outlook). Forensic psychologists could also work for large agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The FBI employs forensic psychologists as criminal profilers to evaluate past criminal activity in order to to determine fact patterns and potential suspects (Employment Outlook). Although it may seem as if the FBI is the most prevalent place to have criminal profilers, criminal profilers are still strongly used in smaller law enforcement agencies (Forensic Psychology Careers and Job Outlook). Another environment a forensic psychologist can work in is a crime scene and laboratory setting which involves assessing crime scenes, evaluating evidence in a laboratory, and then presenting that evidence in court (Employment Outlook). In addition to working in the law enforcement setting, forensic psychologists can work in the clinical setting. Rather than creating profiles of criminals to help catch them, forensic psychologists will provide services to criminals already in the criminal justice system who are suffering from psychological problems. Forensic psychologists will evaluate offenders and then implement treatment plans. Typically, these forensic psychologists will work in a prison or jail; however, they can also choose to work in psychiatric hospitals or mental health centers (Forensic Psychology Careers and Job Outlook). The third most common work environment for forensic psychologists is in research and teaching. Research plays a critical role in the development of forensic psychology. Forensic psychologists will track the trends of crimes and then utilize this knowledge to help law enforcement (Forensic Psychology Careers and Job Outlook). Forensic psychologists may also teach which can entail a variety of roles. Some can be hired to educate the public on improving public safety and encouraging physical and mental wellness. An example of this, is teaching the public of how exposure to abuse can effect an individual. Forensic psychologists can speak in seminars and arrange clinics to educate law enforcement officers of the relevant information that could help them with understanding and dealing with criminals (Forensic Psychology Careers and Job Outlook). Another option they have is to teach at the undergraduate or graduate level. It is beneficial to share their own personal experiences in the field , so students can better understand relevant topics that would be discussed among the class. Salary The salary for a forensic psychologist can vary based on their degree, work environment, and specialties. There is limited data on the salaries of forensic psychologists, so it is difficult to determine the most accurate mean salary (Careers in Forensic Psychology). According to Payscale, the national average salary for a forensic psychologist is $63,258; however, their salaries have a wide range from around $38,000 to $112,000. The more experience a forensic psychologist has, the higher salary they will receive. The following visual provides the average annual salaries for a forensic psychologist based upon experience level (Average Forensic Psychologist Salary). Figure 3: Data from: www.payscale.com As shown in Figure 3, an entry level forensic psychologist would be making around $50,000 a year in comparison to someone working over 20 years in the field would be making over $100,000 (Average Forensic Psychologist Salary). Other sources also suggest that with more experience and education, forensic psychologists can exceed well over $120,000 annually. Larger departments and cities typically have a higher salary as well (Forensic Psychology Careers and Job Outlook). Some forensic psychologists will choose to provide services in consultation in private practice in order to gain an additional income. Those who choose to do this, on average, can make from $150 to $450 hourly. The earning potential for forensic psychologists continues to grow because of the increased need for expertise on criminal behavior and problems relating to mental health (Employment Outlook). The salaries of forensic psychologists, in general, are similar if not somewhat above the average salary for other careers. Some forensic psychologists believe their decision to go into the field goes beyond the salary of their work. They think that the work they do is making a difference to benefit society; therefore, their salary is not the most influential reason for going in the field of forensic psychology (Forensic Psychology Careers and Job Outlook). Job Outlook According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, there is a very positive job outlook for a career as a forensic psychologist. It also stated that forensic psychologists will most likely experience more than a 10% increase from 2014 to 2024. The projections of job availability for this career may vary based on specializations within the field (Forensic Psychology Careers and Job Outlook).The American Psychological Association explains how forensic psychologists have opportunity to grow within the field in a variety of settings (Careers in Forensic Psychology). In addition to forensic psychologists having a strong job outlook, it also has great job security. There are not many concerns that this job will fade out in the upcoming years because there will always be a need for forensic psychologists (Forensic Psychology Careers and Job Outlook). Despite efforts to prevent or reduce crime, it is inevitable that people will be committing crimes and for those reasons there is a need for forensi c psychologists in order to properly evaluate and treat offenders Misconceptions Forensic psychology is a relatively recent branch of psychology, therefore there are often misconceptions about the role of a forensic psychologist. Television shows and movies portray forensic psychologists as having exciting jobs where they are easily able to understand an offender. This however is not the case, forensic psychologists that profile offenders need a considerable amount of time in order to assess the crime and interpret the offenders motives to predict the type of person that would be committing a particular crime (Ward). A career as a forensic psychologist is much more challenging than many people may recognize. The job can be mentally and physically draining that it may deter some individuals from wanting to work in the career (Forensic Psychology Careers and Job Outlook). It is important for forensic psychologists to have people in their life and activities they enjoy in order to separate their emotionally difficult cases from their life at home. Conclusion Summary of Findings The career of a forensic psychologist requires an extensive amount of education by completing a doctorate degree. The education track requires time and money which may not be available to all individuals. Skills such as in interviewing and case presentation that a forensic psychologist will be obtained throughout their education that will be important for them to succeed in the profession. Forensic psychologists have an array of opportunities to work in different environments including law enforcement, clinical, or research and teaching. The latitude of work settings, as well as a median average salary of $63,258, makes this profession very appealing. Another influential factor of pursuing this career is that it has a positive job outlook providing more job opportunities for those interested in the field. Recommendations Based on the research provided in this document, it can be concluded that a career as a forensic psychologist is feasible. Dr. Cerbo highly recommends this profession for current criminal justice or psychology students. He advises students who are interested in forensic psychology to take both criminal justice and psychology courses in their undergraduate years because it will give students the perspective they will need as a forensic psychologist. Despite a few drawbacks to the job including extensive education and that it can sometimes be draining, the career is becoming more well-known and desirable. The profession of a forensic psychologist is practical for many people because it incorporates aspects from both psychology and the criminal justice system which is what many students are wanting to find. A favorable aspect of this career is that is has so many settings that one can work in, so individuals can decide to specialize in a particular area that most interests them. The car eer of a forensic psychologist is feasible and should be further investigated.

Self Esteem By Carol Craig - 1090 Words

Self-Esteem can be harmful and make people very self centered, but others lack confidence and need a boost of self-esteem. Self-esteem is a very important factor in various reasons that happens in people’s daily life. With no type of thought people don’t think or take self-esteem with importance without realizing that self-esteem is a huge thing that us humans depend for our daily activities. Some shifts that have happened toward self- esteem over the past few decades were the fact that many people don’t really get an effect of having a boost of self-esteem in order for them to reach success. Therefore, self-esteem is not important in the success of individuals but it is important in their well being and psychological health. The history†¦show more content†¦He stated, â€Å"low self-esteem was the cause of crime, teenage pregnancy, drug abuse, and school underachievement† (par. 18). This shows that these are examples of the problems that low self-esteem causes. However, Professor Martin Seligman gave many arguments against the self-esteem movement going against David Hume and John Vasconcellos’ arguments, but supporting Roy Baumeister, the first outright critic of the self-esteem movement, and Nicholas Emler that supported Baumeister’s findings that low self-esteem was not a risk factor for educational problems. Seligman went against the idea that self-esteem could be extremely boosted. So, Craig’s purpose for writing this text is to show that the decreases and increases in self-esteem which are concurrent with failures and successes. In the video â€Å"Why thinking you’re ugly is bad for you† , by Meaghan Ramsey talks about how having a low self- esteem can affect young women more than gentlemen in academics and in daily activities. She states that â€Å"six out of ten girls are refusing to get involved in anything because they worry about how they look† (4:44) .Although, many young adults deny tha t they care about how they look or what people think of them deep down they do because they just want to â€Å"fit in†. In this video they do agree with the fact that self-esteem does affect a person s success because of they think more about their appearance than their academics.Show MoreRelatedSelf Esteem Essay718 Words   |  3 PagesCan self-esteem really engender success, or does it induce the well-being of individuals? By success, I mean academic achievement and a college degree. Self-esteem is crucial to the well-being and happiness of individuals. However, too much self-esteem makes people become narcissistic, which is destructive and superfluous to becoming successful. Therefore, self-esteem cannot engender success, which is corroborated with the self-esteem movement, but it can cause the well-being of individuals. 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At the proposal stage, the researcher should describe the purpose of the observing, the phase of the study in which it is likely to be most fruitful, and the use of field notesRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesWork–Life Conflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect OrganizationalRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages40071 173—dc22 I. 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You’ll be particularly interested in the comments from some nationally known athletic coaches, and you’ll be amazed by how much of theirRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 PagesJune 1998, 13—14. 3. Richard W. Judy and Carol D’Amico, Workforce 2020: Work and Workers in the 21st Century (Indianapolis: Hudson Institute, 1997). 4. Peter Morici, â€Å"Export Our Way to Prosperity,† Foreig n Policy, Winter 1995—1996, 3. 5. Marc Adams, â€Å"Building a Rainbow, One Stripe at a Time,† HR Magazine, August 1998, 72—79. 6. Judy and D’Amico, Workforce 2020, 5. 7. Rick Garnitz, â€Å"Aging Workforce Poses an HR challenge,† ACA News, March 1999, 20–21; and Carol Patton, â€Å"Golden Solutions,† Human ResourceRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pagesoperate new equipment. Employers may structure jobs so that these skills may be learned from other employees. They may also give employees time to learn new procedures or how to operate new equipment through self-instruction, such as by reading technical manuals, or by learning new software through self-instruction. Employers may also absorb the costs of lower productivity while workers lacking relevant skills learn through interaction with skilled employees or through trial-and-error processes. 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Disability and Child Free Essays

string(65) " may be of a poor quality – suffering damp or be in disrepair\." CYP3. 7 Understand how to support positive outcomes for children and young people. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Disability and Child or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 Social factors †¢ Lack of social/friendship networks. Children need friendships to develop their interaction, emotional understanding, empathy and social skills. Children who lack these networks tend to feel isolated and therefore isolate themselves more. They may suffer insecurities about themselves and be withdrawn and shy. They may struggle to communicate, share and understand the needs and feelings of others. As they grow older the insecurities may lead to self-hatred and self-harm. They will lack people to confide in or go to for advice. They may find themselves drawn into ‘the wrong crowd’ because they seem welcoming, and as a result find themselves manipulated. †¢ Poor parental supervision/neglect. Without guidance children do not learn the correct ways to behave. This will cause them to come into conflict at school because they do not know or understand acceptable boundaries. They may be unaware of the dangers they can face in life. They may have a distorted view of their own abilities and may believe that they are allowed to do what they want because they are never prevented. They may believe they are unloved, unimportant and unvalued and as they grow older this could lead to depression and self-harm. The lack of boundaries could result in them becoming involved in crime and anti-social behaviour. Neglect could lead to health problems through malnutrition. They may struggle to form social relationships because of their lack of personal hygiene. Poor clothing could lead to bullying and teasing, causing them to withdraw and become isolated. †¢ Illness/disability If the child suffers from illness or disability they may find they frequently miss school, they may then miss large chunks of their education and struggle to achieve. It may cause them to miss out on activities such as sports, which could leave them feeling isolated. These feelings could develop into anger or resentment and may cause them to have behavioural problems. They may be misjudged as lacking intelligence and therefore not given challenges, leading to boredom and perceived disruptive behaviour. If the child is the carer of a parent suffering illness or disability this can lead to emotional difficulties. The child may struggle to understand the role reversal they are experiencing, viewing themselves as being on a par with adults and more mature than their peers, resulting in them struggling to form friendships. They may become resentful at missing out on their childhood and present challenging behaviour. They may suffer anxiety whilst away from home and worry about their parent, resulting in a failure to engage in their education. They may not fulfil their potential in life as much of it will be dedicated to being a carer. Having a parent with a long term illness or disability could also lead to financial hardship due to lack of employment. Criminal or anti –social behaviour Whether it is behaviour presented by the child, a sibling or parent it could result in the child being taken into care. A parent could be absent for a length of time, if imprisoned, causing emotional stress. The child may perceive the behaviour as normal or acceptable, especially if it is being carried out by the parents and copy it. It may result in a transient lifestyle, as they could be re-housed as a result of anti-social behaviour. This would result in the child suffering a disrupted education and struggling to form long term stable friendships. †¢ Addictions The impact of addictions on children can be various. They can suffer health problems, if their mother had a drug or alcohol problem during pregnancy. They may suffer poverty due to lack of employment, or if the addiction is gambling. They may suffer from neglect, abuse or/and violence. If they have younger siblings they may find themselves responsible for their care and therefore may suffer stress and feel isolated. They may feel scared and find it difficult to speak to people for fear of getting in trouble or going into care. They may ultimately find themselves in care if the addictions result in their parents being unable to care for them. They may become involved in crime to support their family. At school they may be disruptive or withdrawn, have mood swings and outbursts of violence. †¢ Parental separation This can leave a child feeling very insecure and frightened. They may become quiet and withdrawn. They may become very emotional, clingy and tearful or become violent and abusive. They may feel angry, let down and abandoned. Their work and concentration at school may suffer as a result of any stress and worry they may be feeling. They may suffer poverty as a result of a fall in the household income. They may suffer a dramatic change in lifestyle that leaves them confused. Economic and Environmental factors †¢ Poverty This can result from low income, unemployment, parental separation, illness or disability, addictions, or criminal activities. Children may suffer malnutrition or a poor diet as a result of their parents being unable to afford quality food. This could result in lack of concentration or poor performance at school. They could also suffer other health related issues. They may be the subject of bullying as a result of their clothing or because they do not have the latest ‘must have’ accessories. They will probably miss out on further education due to the costs involved, or as a result of the need to find employment to help support the family. †¢ Poor housing One of the side effects of poverty is poor housing. People on low income are often dependent on local authority housing. This may result in overcrowding, for example being housed in a bedsit or home with insufficient bedrooms. This means the child has no privacy, or personal space. They may struggle with homework and course work because of the lack of a quiet space in which to complete it. The housing provided may be of a poor quality – suffering damp or be in disrepair. You read "Disability and Child" in category "Essay examples" This could have a detrimental effect on the child’s health – causing asthma or frequent colds and coughs. It will probably be in a less desirable area or could be in an area with social disorder problems. This may result in the children becoming isolated, as their parents may be fearful of letting them out to play or they may themselves become involved in anti-social behaviour and criminal activities. †¢ Lack of academic achievement Children whose parents have had a poor education or lack numeracy and literacy skills can struggle at school. Their parents may show little or no interest in their education and as a result they may also lose interest. The parents may not attend school progress meetings so they will have little understanding of their child’s achievements and therefore the child will not receive praise and encouragement to continue. The parents will struggle to support the child in homework and coursework and the child will therefore struggle. This may cause them to get in trouble as a result of uncompleted assignments. They might ‘fail’ in their education, as a result, and struggle to get employment as an adult. Cultural factors †¢ Religious beliefs and customs Children may have to attend a school associated with their religion, and may therefore receive a less balanced education. They may struggle to understand other people’s religion or lifestyle choices, if it goes against what they are taught. This may leave them confused or feeling isolated and struggling to interact with the wider community. They may also experience or witness abuse on the grounds of their religious beliefs and customs, leaving them not only confused and isolated but fearful. †¢ Ethnic and cultural customs Children may have different forms of attire, causing them to be teased or bullied. Their culture may view interaction between men and women in a different way and the children will struggle to recognise what is acceptable at school as it differs to home. This could cause them to come into conflict with school rules or to be perceived as a trouble maker. †¢ Transient lifestyle The child and their family could move around frequently; for example they may come from Gypsy Roma Traveller community. This means their education will be inconsistent and interrupted. They will be unable to form close friendships and lack a support network outside their close family and community. Although dealt with separately, many of these factors are interconnected; unemployment or low income can lead to poor housing. Poor housing can lead to health problems, which can lead to frequent school absences. They will not only affect the child’s present lifestyle and health, but also their future, right through to adulthood. This pattern could then continue into the lives of their children. Without support and intervention, they and their families could find themselves trapped in a cycle of disadvantage. . 2 Poverty is on the agenda of the Every Child Matters framework, with one of the outcomes stating that every child should achieve wealth and economic well-being. This means it is important to ensure that children experiencing poverty have the same opportunities as their peers. Impact of poverty can be: Low income: This can mean that children may not have th e same advantages of there more wealthier peers. Poor housing: This could lead to ill health due to unacceptable standards within the home. Ill Health: Not having access to the correct food and warm clothing could affect health. Low academic achievement: This could come due to there not being such an emphasis on the importance to learn or support brackets within the home. Low Self-esteem: Children could have a low self-esteem due to the above factors. 1. 3 In accordance with Article 13 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of a Child, the outcomes of the Governments Every Child Matters framework and the Early Years Foundation Stage, children should be provisioned for by ensuring that children are involved and engaged with, allowing them to be heard, to make decisions, contribute their experiences and be supported and safeguarded throughout their development. Even from an early age, children’s choices, even simple ones, can have an impact on their life chances and outcomes such as choosing which toys to play with at pre-school or which friends to play with, a child may develop a friendship with another child who is perhaps a bit louder and boisterous and may display unwanted behaviour, this choice of friend may have a negative impact on the child’s behaviour at home or in other settings they move onto. Whilst the child has the right to choose their friends, it is our responsibility to involve the child in setting expectations of their behaviour and help them to make a positive contribution, which is one of the outcomes of the ECM framework. Children and young people throughout their lives will make choices such as whether to eat healthily or unhealthily or start smoking or drinking, as any early years setting we ensure that we offer healthy snacks and meals, we involve the children in activities and discussions about the importance of healthy living but there will come a point where they can choose for themselves. If a child/young person chooses to eat unhealthily this will have a negative impact on their wellbeing, they could become overweight, develop diabetes and it could exclude them from taking part in activities, this could continue and have a negative knock on effect throughout their lives perhaps causing them to suffer low self-esteem and become withdrawn from social situations. A child may be raised in an environment where they are allowed to play violent computer games or have families who are in trouble with the police. These experiences could have a negative impact on the way the child/young person develops and integrates into society, they may choose to act the same way and get in trouble or they may not like what they have experienced and choose not to. 2. 1 All practitioners should be striving to achieve the 5 outcomes of the Every Child Matters framework: †¢ Be Healthy †¢ Stay Safe †¢ Enjoy and Achieve †¢ Make a Positive Contribution †¢ Achieve Economic Wellbeing By following the 4 EYFS themes we can see how they link into the ECM Framework. EYFS Theme Supporting Principles Every Child Matters Unique Child 1. 1 Child Development Make a positive contribution 1. 2 Inclusive Practice Make a positive contribution 1. 3 Keeping Safe Stay Safe 1. 4 Health and Well-being Be Healthy Positive Relationships 2. 1 Respecting Each Other Make a positive contribution 2. 2 Parents as Partners Make a positive contribution 2. 3 Supporting Learning Make a positive contribution 2. 4 Key Person Stay Safe Enabling Environments 3. 1 Observation, Assessment and Planning Enjoy and Achieve 3. 2 Supporting Every Child Enjoy and Achieve . 3 The Learning Environment Enjoy and Achieve 3. 4 The Wider Context Make a positive contribution Learning and Development 4. 1 Play and Exploration Enjoy and Achieve 4. 2 Active Learning Enjoy and Achieve 4. 3 Creativity and Critical Thinking Enjoy and Achieve 4. 4 Areas of Learning and Development Enjoy and Achieve Be Healthy – this also includes how our health is affected by our social, mental, emotional a nd physical well-being. The Government has a focus on healthy living for children. At my setting we provide healthy snacks for the children. We also promote healthy choices, talk about healthy hearts and activities that teach them an active lifestyle. Stay Safe – we ensure children in our care are safeguarded. We have a robust safeguarding policy. Children know they can talk to any member of staff if they do not feel safe and they know they will be listened to. Enjoy and Achieve – we observe children so we understand their needs and can then plan more accurately for individual children. Make a Positive Contribution – we are continually assessing and developing our policies to ensure we are always making positive contributions to children’s development. Achieve Economic Well-being – by ensuring we follow all the EYFS and Every Child Matters we are ensuring all children have the best start in life and can go on into adulthood and achieve economic well-being. 2. 2 Recognising that everyone is unique is a first step for seeing the importance. Each child and young person will have a differing set of needs, requirements and barriers that can prevent them accessing ways of achieving success. It is also important to design services around needs because it makes best use of the money available, it targets the services properly, so doesn’t waste time or resources. Putting the child at the centre means, rather than it being about adults and what they want, it is actually about what the child NEEDS. Key issues when designing services to meet children and young people’s needs are: Careful preparation Collaboration of different services Ensuring an up-to-date directory of services available Collaboration between services, children, young adults and parents Integrating information from different services Flexibility in working together Managing change effectively Communication and consultation Outreach – enabling access by visiting rural communities and making home visits Understanding the importance of networking between services. 2. 3 When it comes to children’s participation it is rare to see involvement of children below the age of 8 years. Yet, very young children have the same rights to participation as any other children and they should be equally involved in matters that affect them. Even a two year old child can be meaningfully involved in decision making. Take the example of a parent who prepares the clothes for her son to wear that day. It may well be that the boy says, ‘I don’t like this, I want to wear that! ‘ The mother could then look at what the boy would like to wear and decide whether the clothes will suit the weather conditions. When they do, she could say, ‘okay, fine, you can wear those clothes instead. ‘ When the weather does not permit to wear the clothes the boy has identified, the mother should explain to her son that the clothes are either too hot/or too thin to wear given the circumstances. She can explain what the implications will be when he would wear the clothes he wants – catching a cold for example. This is a clear and simple example of children’s involvement in decision making – in this case with a very young child. It typically happens within the family environment, it is not ‘a big thing’ but it may well be important for the child’s development. The boy has been given an opportunity to be involved in a decision that affects him, he has been given choices, he has received information that will help him understand the implications of his choice. It also shows how the best interest of the child may play a role in such decisions – i. e. he mother’s concern about her son’s health in his choice of clothes to wear. 2. 4 To support children/young people to make personal choices and experiences according to age, needs and abilities we as providers must allow them to express their own thoughts, views and opinions and most importantly listen to them. We must also offer constructive and fair advice appropriate to the age and stage of the child i. e. when a child reaches adolescent you would then think about some form of sex education where as you wouldn’t need to do this with children in the early years. To make advice fair you also need to put your own opinions and experiences to side and concentrate on delivering the facts in a positive way so that the child can then make positive decisions to do with the matter in hand. We can also aid them in completing activities that will allow them to make decisions and make choices and be there to support throughout process of decisions making and when things may go wrong. Also by providing the right environment we are enabling children to make choices that have a positive impact on their future lives. To provide the right environment we provide: Exploration Experimentation Problem solving Take risks safely Variety of activities Accessible resources Resources to meet individual interest and needs Language an interaction Welcome to families of all cultures and religions Places to rest and eat An outdoor learning environment that is challenging ad promotes learning. 3. 1 The potential impact of disability on outcomes and life chances of children and young people are that it can affect the person’s ability to perform normal day-to-day activities, but each child I affected differently by their impairment or condition. If a physical disability it may compromise the child’s healthy development and disrupt their educational experiences and if adults focus on what is ‘wrong’ with a child or young person and what they can’t do, rather than on what they can do and are already achieving, and their potential to develop, learn and progress, then the child’s emotional well-being may be affected by poor self-esteem. Children with learning difficulties or disabilities with emotional or social development may affect children’s all round progress. Families with a disabled child or young person often experience financial difficulties which may restrict children’s opportunities in life – not only that of the disabled child but of their siblings as well. This may result in relationships within families may be destabilised by the stresses of caring for a disabled child. 3. 2 It is important to have positive attitudes towards disability and specific requirements as it is possible to avoid or reduce the impact of their impairment so that the person can have opportunities to make choices, develop to their potential, become independent and play a full part in society. Also, if practitioners have positive attitudes about their capacity to provide for disabled children’s requirements, and are ready to learn new skills such as sign language or using the Makaton system (which we use already), then the children have greater opportunities for making developmental progress. 3. 3 Social model of disability – recognises that discrimination against disabled people is created by society, not by disabled people’s impairment’s. It looks at ways to address issues to enable people to achieve their potential, by looking at ways to adapt the environment so the child can feel included this is very important. The social model has been constructed by disabled people and by listening to what disabled people want and to remove any barriers, which may be in their way. By removing barriers and adapting the environment you are allowing children and young people chances to achieve and learn which promotes confidence and self-esteem. Medical model of disability – this treats the person as a sick patient and tends to focus on ‘How can we make this person more normal? By labelling a child because of their disability can prevent us from seeing the child as a whole person like their gender, culture and social background the medical models is a traditional view of disability and that through medical intervention the person can be cured where in fact in most cases there is no cure. They expect disabled people to change to fit into society. By adjusting our environment to suit the needs of the child and appropriate resources and facilities are provided it allows the child to be confident al so we focus on what the child can do and not on what they can’t do (social). We don’t think of children, as special needs we think of them as children with specific or additional needs. In my setting we aim to give all children the same opportunities and children are not singled out because they have different needs for example all though some children require 1:1 support we don’t remove them from their peers the child will still work in his or her group but they will get extra support. Low expectations about the potential of a disabled child or being over protective can limit what they achieve. It’s important that we have positive attitudes about what requirements we provide so children can have opportunities for making developmental progress (social). We have one child at our setting that suffers from multiple impairment’s. The child is registered blind but can see vaguely so we do have to make sure that walkways are clear and as she is of adolescent age we have had to purchase foldable tables for her height, for her to eat off (social). I don’t think that the medical model of disability impacts on our practice a great deal but I know the child does have medical care for her disability that will never be fully cured (medical). . 4 Different types of support available are * Speech and language therapy- they will usually work in partnership with parents, teachers and support staff and anyone else who has regular contact with the child and provide training and coaching sessions and provide them with ideas and strategies to put into place to help promote t he child’s speech. I myself have sat in on a session with a child in our setting when the speech therapist came to have a meeting with a child and she gave us advice sheets on how best to help the child with his speech including picture cards with words on. Support from health professionals’ additional learning support- a child who has a disability like Down syndrome may need extra support in a setting to help them learn. A child with epilepsy is likely to require regular monitoring from health professionals and medication, which needs to be adjusted appropriately. * Assistive technology- these would be anything which will help someone for example wheelchairs, hearing aids, walking frames and for a child who is blind you could use software which reads text from a screen. There are many different aids available for children and adults to help them with everyday tasks. Specialised services – There are many specialized services i. e. special educational needs coord inator, physio therapist, speech therapists, school nurse, social services. These services are available in order to provide the right care for the child. 4. 1 Equality – each individual in society experiences opportunities to achieve and flourish which are as good as the opportunities experienced by other people. Diversity – the differences between individuals and groups in society arising from gender, ethnic origins, social, cultural or religious background, family structure, disabilities, sexuality and appearance. Inclusion – a process of identifying, understanding and breaking down barriers to participation and belonging. The meaning of these in the context of the positive outcomes for children and young people: Being healthy – Equality – each child should have the same opportunity to lead a healthy lifestyle. Diversity – individuals in the society may have different methods of being healthy, i. e. exercise regimes, and dietary requirements. Inclusion – accepting the child’s and families view on how they stay healthy and helping any child to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Stay safe – Equality – each child should feel safe in their surroundings. Diversity – people may of different views on the level of safety. Inclusion – understanding what makes the child feel safe and maintaining that feeling for the child. Enjoying and achieving – Equality – each child should have the same opportunities to enjoy and achieve as others. Diversity – parents or carers may have different views on what they want their children to achieve and/or what they should be enjoying, i. e. stereotyping –boys do boys things and girls do girls things. Inclusion – each child should have the opportunity to enjoy and achieve no matter their stage of development, making sure children who need more guidance and support get it. Make a positive contribution – Equality – every child should have the opportunity to make a positive contribution no matter what type of contribution and how big or small. Diversity – every child’s input will be different. Inclusion – children’s input, no matter how varied should be acknowledged. Achieve economic well-being – Equality – treating each child equal no matter what economic status they come from. Diversity – each child lives a different life, whether it be economic status, health and disabilities, family background, religion etc. Inclusion – no matter what diverse factors affect the child’s life each child should have the opportunity to achieve economic well-being in their own life. 4. 2 Social services – social workers that work with children aim to support children in need of protection as a result of any form of abuse or neglect. Also for children who need additional services in order to reach a reasonable standard of health and development (for example children with disabilities) and for children who need to be provided with care because they cannot live with their own parents. Speech therapists – Speech and Language Therapists ( SLT) work with parents/carers and others to assess if a child has speech and/or language difficulties, communication or eating and drinking difficulties. The therapist will consider the difficulties the child has and the impact these will have on his/her life. If appropriate the therapist will decide how the child can be helped to reach their full communication potential. OFSTED – Ofsted is the Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills. They report directly to Parliament and are independent and impartial. OFTSED inspect and regulate services which care for children and young people, and those providing education and skills for learners of all ages. OFSTED ensure that we as providers follow the EYFS AND ECM to ensure that children are provided for and are able to develop at a healthy rate. Respite Care – Respite care is the provision of short-term, temporary relief to those who are caring for family members who might otherwise require permanent placement in a facility outside the home. Respite programs provide planned short-term and time-limited breaks for families and other unpaid care givers of children with a developmental delay and adults with an intellectual disability in order to support and maintain the primary care giving relationship. Respite also provides a positive experience for the person receiving care. How to cite Disability and Child, Essay examples

Managerial Cognitive Capabilities and Microfoundations

Question: Discuss about the Managerial Cognitive Capabilities and Microfoundations. Answer: Introduction: The article in the Harvard Business Review portrays the fact that most of the companies fail to appoint right talent in the right designation. It is the reason of lower productivity of the different teams working in different organizations across the world. Most of the companies do not have good managers so that they cannot make higher profit in the market. The reason behind this is faults in the process of recruitment and selection. It is seen that most of the companies fails to recruit right people as they are unable to find the right talent most of the times in the vacancies available for it. Research report has illustrated the fact that companies do not recruit people 82% of the times (Epstein Buhovac, 2014). The main argument of the article states the fact that good managers are responsible for increased profitability whether bad managers can cause losses in huge amount for many companies. Each year, due to bad managers companies spend billions of dollars but they did not get any return out of it. The article states that only 30% of the managers are really engaged in their proper work. Surprisingly when the percentage counts to worldwide, then it reduces to 13%. The main motive of the article lies in the fact that good managers across the world are hard to find whereas bad managers are prevalent everywhere scattered in different parts of the world in different multinational and small medium enterprises. It can be also pointed out as the line of reasoning (Brown, Colville Pye, 2015). Assumptions and limitations While reading the article, the reader must have to understand what message the article is conveying about and what are the assumptions and limitations behind it. By reading the article, it can be clearly understood that it the article is all about research and the researcher has focused on the abilities of a good manager in the organization. However, the article is informative as it gives data regarding various attributes of good and bad managers. But it is based on some assumptions and limitations. The data is collected by conducting research on different organizations that contains few assumptions and limitations (Jansen et al., 2013). The researcher i.e. Gallup in the article has conducted primary researches. The data are provided are based on the views of the respondents i.e. the managers of different multinational companies. The reader has to believe that their views and the data interpretation of Gallup are correct and they provide real life scenarios about the working cultures of the organizations. The limitation of the research in the article is the security of the respondents while conducting the research. Apart from that, the limitation can also be applied to the data sets. It is a possibility that if Gallup has been conducted the research to different organizations, then the results may be different (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). Research methodology and research methods The research methodology that is used in the article while collecting the data from the managers is primary research methodology. Primary research methodology is used because it will provide the real life scenarios regarding the duties and responsibilities of managers. It is also helpful in collecting the data regarding the percentage of good managers and bad managers in the organizations. Instead of secondary data, the researcher in the article has chosen to conduct the methodology of primary research in terms of using the methods of interviews and surveys (Too Weaver, 2014). The process of interviews and surveys are though time consuming and cost incurring, but this method has been chosen in order to collect the real time data from the managers whether they are successful in their duties and responsibilities in the organization. Apart from that, it can be said that the quantitative methods of data methodology are used while calculating the data collected from using primary research methodologies. It is mentioned in the article that while conducting the research regarding the managers roles and responsibilities, it can be said that more than 27 million employees over twelve years in more than 2.5 million working units (Mishra, Boynton Mishra, 2014). The article illustrates the fact that the good managers are responsible for generating more revenues from the market as well as the reputation of the company in the market. The report has highlighted the fact that the most of the organizations have failed to recruit people with proper talents in the managerial designation. It is the result of the lower productivity of the team as well as to the organizations across different parts of the world. The percentages of profit collected by the companies having more good managers are much higher than the companies having less good managers (Schnackenberg Tomlinson, 2016). However, it can be said that there is a strong link between the vital performance indicators and employee engagement at the strategic business units of the organizations. The vital performance indicators of the companies include less shrinkage, less absenteeism, lower turnover, higher quality, higher productivity, and higher profitability. It can be pointed that the companies which have higher employee engagement levels are found to be get results better in terms of employee relations, productivity and team performances and overall profitability of the company in the market. These things are happened in a company that has more good managers in it (Bromiley et al., 2015). Relevancy of the findings with the theoretical concepts It can be said that the relating to the capabilities of the managers there are many traits and attributes related to the managers. An ideal manager must have the attitude of leading a team with proper leadership and decision making where the team members must follow the decision taken by the team leader. Apart from that, the team members must have clarity with the team leaders in order to share various issues. The theoretical frameworks used by the managers in this context are normative decision making theory and participative leadership in their fields of practice (Helfat Peteraf, 2015). Normative theory of decision making is known as the theory of choice which represents that advices are provided to the managers while taking best decisions in their workplaces. Normative theory is also known as prescriptive decision making theory that is concerned with the identifying the best decision. It usually portrays the role model of the team who is known for the ideal decision maker due to his fully rationality and perfect accuracy. These people will seek technologies and person who will help them in making a rational and fair decision making process (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). Participative leadership on the other hand is a popular leadership theory that can be used by the managers to lead a team which requires involvement of the team members in order to make a proper decision of the team. Involvement of different executives is responsible for the effective decision making process of the company with better new ideas (Jansen et al., 2013). Practical applications of the ideas to real life managers Real life managers must have the behavior and traits that a leader must possess. They have the knowledge of implementation of various theoretical models and frameworks that are related with leadership, decision making and team management. Proper customization of the models is necessary while pointing out the flaws and weaknesses of the team members. Apart from that, they have the knowledge of sense making regarding implementation of various models of leadership to influence the team members in their respective field of work (Collier, 2015). The theoretical frameworks that are identified earlier in the study are not only responsible for the improved decision making of the managers but also these frameworks will help in the identification of problem in the management of the organization as well as problems in the team. The two aspects i.e. normative decision making theory and participative leadership are interrelated with each other. Both these aspects are related with the decision making process of the organization with the involvement of team members of the organization (Brown Trevio, 2014). The team members will also feel a sense of commitment towards their field of work while giving improved productivity of the company. If the team members have a clear communication between the team leaders then the problems of the team regarding lesser productivity of the team along with individual productivity are to be identified. The identification of the problem will help in the formulation of the developmental training in the m ultinational organizations (Yinan, Tang Zhang, 2014). Recommendations to managers The article regarding the competency level of managers suggests many things that managers of organizations can focus in order to maintain their team performance. According to Gallup the managers must have the following talents such as: The managers must motivate each and every employee of the organization while taking action and engaging themselves in the organizational objectives that compels the vision and mission. The managers of the organization must possess assertiveness that will drive the outcomes of the project while having the ability in overcoming resistance and adversity (Brown, Colville Pye, 2015). The managers of the organization must create a culture that will helps in maintaining accountability. The managers are responsible in building relationships that are responsible for creating open dialogue, trust and full transparency. Managers are responsible for making rational decision that are based on the productivity and not on the politics. There are many traits and behavior that a manager must possess to manage the team while improving the individual productivity of the team members (Epstein Buhovac, 2014). Quotations from peer reviewed journals In this section, two quotations are to be cited from two peer reviewed journals that will encompass the role of managers in the decision making process of the organization. The two quotations will be the paraphrased version of the two lines mentioned in the journals. Exploring on the organizational effectiveness introduces in the development of innovation while achieving a long term sustainable processes that will exploit the operational efficiencies for a short term performance in the existing products. However, it can be said that, the study of ambidexterity helps in investigation of the ways that organizations are adopting in order to exploit and explore them simultaneously (Smith, 2014). If the managers adapt changing and complex environments in the modern business world, then it will help them in exploring novel knowledge in various domains that will simultaneously exploit the existing knowledge (Laureiro?Martnez et al., 2015). 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